Taxes and Growth | Impuestos y crecimiento

By Carolina Gutiérrez, Daniel A. Witt, Brújula Digital:

Taxes: the next step in Bolivia’s reforms

The underlying question is whether the country can build a simpler, more predictable, and less arbitrary system. If it succeeds, tax reform could become an important piece of a broader strategy of formalization, investment, and growth.

One of the offices of the National Tax Service in the city of La Paz. Photo ABI.

The past few months have marked an important shift in the Bolivian economy. The partial lifting of fuel subsidies and the price adjustments have opened a new stage of reforms. If the goal is to attract investment and reactivate growth, one of the central discussions should not be limited to subsidies or prices; it should also include, as a priority, tax reform.

Public debate about taxes is often reduced to whether rates are high or low. But an effective tax reform covers something broader: clear rules, simple procedures, less administrative discretion, and greater predictability for those who produce, invest, and work in the formal economy. In other words, how much is charged matters, but so does how it is charged.

In Bolivia, that point is especially relevant. A tax system that is complex, slow, or perceived as arbitrary not only discourages investment; it also pushes many small businesses to remain outside the formal economy. For that reason, transparency and simplification can be just as important as a possible reduction in tax rates. Digitalization, better procedures, and a more professional tax administration can help reduce opportunities for corruption and improve the relationship between the State and taxpayers.

Along those lines, several of the announced measures point in the right direction. The SIETE regime, for example, seeks to integrate small enterprises through a simpler scheme: a single bimonthly payment on gross sales, instead of several separate taxes. Its value does not lie only in collecting more revenue, but in facilitating formalization and, with it, access to credit and greater opportunities for growth.

It is also important that there is an intention to shorten audit periods and accelerate the resolution of tax disputes. For any taxpayer—and even more so for an investor—prolonged uncertainty amounts to an additional cost. A system that resolves issues more quickly and with clearer rules can improve the economic climate just as much as a fiscal incentive.

The proposal to reduce the effective VAT rate also deserves attention. It could help simplify the system and lower some of the costs of operating formally. However, its effects will depend on how it is implemented and whether it forms part of a coherent fiscal strategy. Tax relief can be useful, but it does not replace the need to preserve sufficient revenues to finance the essential functions of the State.

The link with hydrocarbons and minerals is also key. If Bolivia seeks to reactivate capital-intensive sectors, it needs a more competitive and predictable fiscal framework. In a demanding international context, a structure that relies excessively on fixed royalties and early-stage taxes can discourage new investment. Reforming the tax system, therefore, is not only an administrative matter; it is also a signal about the type of economy the country wants to build.

None of this is without costs. Transitions generate tensions, affect family incomes, and require credible compensation for the most vulnerable sectors. For that reason, the viability of reforms will depend not only on their economic logic, but also on their social and political legitimacy.

Ultimately, the tax discussion in Bolivia should not be reduced to whether more or less is collected. The underlying question is whether the country can build a simpler, more predictable, and less arbitrary system. If it succeeds, tax reform could become an important piece of a broader strategy of formalization, investment, and growth.

Daniel A. Witt is president of the International Tax and Investment Center (ITIC); Carolina Gutiérrez is president of the Taxation Commission, International Chamber of Commerce–Bolivia (ICC-Bolivia).

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