Women Breaking Ground | Mujeres Abren Camino

By Gina Baldivieso, EFE; Vision 360:

Bolivian women are making their way in construction amid persistent inequalities and prejudices

One of the main problems faced by women builders is wage inequality and, in addition, prejudices persist, along with fear or doubt about whether they will be able to do the job well.

Fotografíaque muestra a Martha Quispe, una mujer constructora, preparándose para si jornada de trabajo en La Paz (Bolivia). EFE/ Gabriel Márquez

Photograph showing Martha Quispe, a woman construction worker, preparing for her workday in La Paz (Bolivia). EFE / Gabriel Márquez

Bricklayers, painters, plumbers or electricians, women in Bolivia have opened spaces for themselves in construction in recent years, despite voices that still tell them it is “a man’s thing” and persistent prejudices and inequalities in salary or in the treatment they receive.

Some learned these trades out of necessity and others out of curiosity to know how to make a repair or an installation at home by themselves, electrician Martha Quispe told EFE. She is the secretary of finance of the Association of Women Builders of La Paz (Asomuc).

“We are fighting and most of my colleagues are single mothers who support their households. So we ask everyone to lend us a hand and hire them and support them (…) because nowadays, with the crisis, sometimes there is work and sometimes there is no work,” she said.

Starting on the path of construction is not easy, Quispe admitted from her own experience, since for example it can be frightening to climb to elevated places, but with care and the necessary safety equipment “we can easily do the jobs.”

“I am an electrician and I say that electricity must be respected, and it can be done,” assured the leader, who has two children and a granddaughter.

In her case, Quispe saw the need to look for a trade after a “painful” family episode and thus found an electricity course through which she got to know Asomuc, an organization that “has been a fundamental pillar” in allowing her to “change” her story.

“There I saw women who actually did that work and I was astonished. I said (…) it can be done, they were able to do it and I will be able to do it,” she maintained.

When she began training, she often heard phrases such as “you won’t be able to do it, you are getting into men’s things, you are wasting your time,” but in 2024 she graduated as a higher technician in industrial electricity.

According to Quispe, Asomuc has around two hundred registered members, although about 50 are “active,” due to factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic or the economic crisis caused by the shortage of dollars that made construction materials more expensive, which forced several of them to change occupations.

Problems and figures

One of the main problems faced by women builders is wage inequality and, in addition, prejudices persist, along with fear or doubt about whether they will be able to do the job well, Quispe noted.

There is also the need to have separate changing rooms and bathrooms, or for work clothing to have two pieces, since the overalls worn by men are uncomfortable for them.

The executive director of Red Hábitat, Anelise Melendez, told EFE that a study by the International Labour Organization (ILO) from 2018 indicates that women’s participation in construction reaches 4.5% of the economically active population in that sector in Bolivia.

The report, which is the only one offering specialized data on women in construction in Bolivia, also indicates that “the wage gap was around 38%,” compared with the average in other sectors which, according to UN Women, is 24%, she said.

Melendez promoted various projects in favor of women builders between 2010 and 2021 through Red Hábitat, under the premise that “women have the right to participate in a dynamic sector of the economy” and to “break into male-dominated markets” such as construction.

Thanks to those programs, the organization offered technical training, education on rights, and leadership development, which led to the creation of Asomuc and similar entities in other Bolivian regions.

In addition, in response to the wage gap, Red Hábitat and the women’s associations worked on a bill that seeks “equal pay for equal work, but also greater job opportunities, given the low percentage of participation that women have,” Melendez said.

The bill was presented to the previous legislature and its discussion is expected to be reactivated with the current Parliament, which began its work last November.

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