City of Encounter and Identity | Ciudad de Encuentro e Identidad 🌿🏙️

By Mauricio Quiroz, El Deber:

Santa Cruz de la Sierra turns 465 with two places that sustain its identity and coexistence

Santa Cruz de la Sierra cumple 465 años con dos sitios que sostienen su identidad y convivencia

It is Bolivia’s most populated city, with a density of 5,845 inhabitants per km² and a metropolitan population exceeding 2.3 million people. Beyond the figures, it is a city that beats from its center. Specialists value these spaces of cohesion

Santa Cruz de la Sierra cumple 465 años con dos sitios que sostienen su identidad y convivencia

The Cristo Redentor monument, witness to town halls and demonstrations

Santa Cruz de la Sierra celebrates today, February 26, its 465th anniversary of foundation with a perspective that goes beyond the civic calendar. It is the city born in 1561, which underwent two relocations before settling in its current location and now once again questions what binds and defines it in the present. Within this map of contemporary identity, at least two spaces stand out which, due to their history and social use, function as meeting points for cruceños and also as bridges with the rest of the country. These are Plaza 24 de Septiembre and the Cristo Redentor monument, which constitute the city’s identity seal.

The original foundation —led by Ñuflo de Chaves— took place in 1561 within a context of Spanish conquest and expansion. But precarious conditions, distances, and territorial dynamics forced the settlement to relocate twice until it was consolidated in 1595 at the site where today’s departmental capital stands. This movement not only marked the city’s geographic course but also shaped a culture of adaptation, mixture, and construction of belonging.

For Sarita Mansilla, Municipal Secretary of Culture and Tourism, understanding Santa Cruz requires recognizing that its urban form was not created “by chance.” “There is an order marked by the central plaza, the ever-present church, the spaces of authority… a grid,” she explained in a conversation with the EL DEBER group. She thus referred to the planning tradition inherited from the Spanish Crown and the idea of a city organized around a center. In her view, this structure explains why Plaza 24 de Septiembre became the “soul” and “heart” of the city.

Not only because of its architecture, but because of what people made of it. Nothing that happens there can be explained without the people who inhabit the city.

The plaza as a civic school

Historian Bismark Cuéllar recalls that when a city was founded or relocated, the first act was to designate the plaza and place a marker at its center; afterward came the distribution of plots for the church, government offices, prison, and market. In Santa Cruz, he recounts, the procedure was repeated in 1595 when Governor Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa marked the location that gave rise to today’s plaza.

Over time, the place transformed. From an open “pampa” it became a designed and ornamented square and ultimately consolidated as the main stage of public life. Political and social milestones passed through it; moments of rupture and celebration, protests, town halls, coups d’état, and civic rituals which, in Cuéllar’s words, confirm a classic rule: “When the plaza falls, the city falls,” because the center symbolizes control and legitimacy.

Mansilla links that history with the idea of social cohesion. “Cohesion does not mean that we all agree,” she maintains. The plaza, she says, has been the space where differences and tensions coexist under a shared notion. It relates to the collective will for Santa Cruz to “move forward” and to the defense of its institutions. In her interpretation, September 24, 1810 represents, for example, a political act linked to emancipation; and February 14, 1825 marks the moment when the plaza gathered citizens celebrating freedom. It is a space from which citizenship has been exercised since the moment the city was founded.

The plaza also continues to be a social thermometer. It is the place where entire families and residents from across the country gather. Thus, for example, during the past three years it has served as the epicenter of highly attended cultural activities. In 2025, about 42,000 people participated in the Long Night of Museums, which had the plaza as one of its key venues, along with other cultural events.

For this year’s anniversary, it will not only host official ceremonies; it will become the stage for popular tributes. At 7:00 p.m. today, traditional coffee vendors will offer free coffee as a tribute to the city. Among them is Gumersindo Ventura, a coffee seller for 46 years, born in La Paz and cruceño by choice since 1980, who summarizes through his trade a powerful idea: identity is built every day in the places where people meet.

The place of everyone

If the plaza is the historical heart, Cristo Redentor is one of the most influential modern symbols of the city. Cuéllar places its inauguration in 1961, within the framework of the Second Eucharistic Congress, and highlights that it marked “a before and after” because it transformed a peripheral point into an urban reference. “It defines the city; you have a symbol at the entrance saying: here I am, this is Santa Cruz,” he explains, comparing it with other identity monuments across Latin America.

Over time, Cristo ceased to be only a religious landmark and became a space for massive gatherings, town halls, rallies, and civic events where “there is room for all,” cruceños and non-cruceños alike. In this condition as an expanded plaza —more contemporary and more multitudinous— Cristo has also functioned as a political and social thermometer, a place where disagreement is expressed but also where the sense of belonging of a dynamic city is affirmed.

Cohesion and citizenship

On its 465th anniversary, the revaluation of both sites (Plaza 24 and Cristo Redentor) is presented as something more than urban beautification: it is a commitment to sustaining public conversation, reinforcing what it means to “be a good citizen,” and recovering basic rules of coexistence. Mansilla brings this down to everyday behavior: from not littering to caring for shared spaces because —she insists— “we build the city together.”

Santa Cruz, the city that moved three times before finding its place, seems to remind itself that founding is not only an event of the past. “Identity is not inherited; it is built,” says Mansilla. And in that permanent exercise, Plaza 24 de Septiembre and Cristo Redentor continue to be the stages where people debate, celebrate, and learn to live together — the spaces that, in their own way, sustain Santa Cruz.

Santa Cruz de la Sierra cumple 465 años con dos sitios que sostienen su identidad y convivencia

Santa Cruz was founded on the banks of the Sutó River, in San José de Chiquitos. From there it relocated on two occasions

DATA

Iconic monument
Inaugurated in 1961, Cristo Redentor rises along the second ring road as one of Santa Cruz’s most recognized icons. Standing 7.5 meters tall, the sculpture by Cochabamba artist Emiliano Luján, promoted by cruceña ladies, represents the welcoming spirit and deep religiosity of a city that, since its foundation in 1561, grew upon faith, community, and collective work.

The heart of Santa Cruz
Surrounded by the San Lorenzo Cathedral Basilica, the House of Culture, and the Social Club, the plaza preserves Santa Cruz’s historical and patrimonial pulse. Here people converse, play chess, shine shoes, and share stories under the shade of its trees.

Living spaces
Following its modernization and pedestrianization, Plaza 24 integrated with Manzana Uno, becoming a vibrant living space for its people.

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