Rhetoric Cannot Hide Decay | Retórica no tapa la erosión

By Windsor Hernani, Vision 360:

Country Image: Between International Rhetoric and Institutional Erosion

Let us stop making mistakes. A country’s image is not an advertising campaign; it is the accumulated reflection of political decisions, institutional quality, and strategic coherence.

Country image is the set of perceptions, reputation, and values that define a nation’s identity in the international arena. It constitutes a strategic asset of the modern State.

It is not merely a symbolic construction, but a determining factor in international integration, the attraction of investment, export competitiveness, and political credibility.

In the specialized literature on nation branding and public diplomacy, it is argued that international reputation is the external reflection of internal institutional quality. It cannot be sustained by speeches if it does not rest upon solid structures.

From that perspective, foreign policy fulfills a dual function: to project national interests and, simultaneously, to convey confidence.

Following Bolivia’s participation in global forums such as Davos and the CAF, with positive hope we believed that Bolivia was projecting a new face.

Dreamers! We were naïve; we failed to realize that stage diplomacy does not replace effective governance. Image does not precede reality; it merely expresses it.

It was Transparency International, through the 2025 Corruption Perceptions Index released last week, that made us see that Bolivia ranks third among the most corrupt countries in South America — only Venezuela and Paraguay rank worse — and that historically we have fallen six places.

Beyond the ranking position, the relevant fact is structural. The persistence of low scores (28/100) reveals that Bolivia continues to be marked by institutional weakness and that the international community perceives sustained deficiencies in transparency, judicial independence, fiscal oversight, and the effective fight against corruption.

What is regrettable and concerning is that corruption is not merely an ethical problem; it is a geopolitical problem because it reduces the State’s negotiating capacity, increases the cost of external financing, discourages foreign direct investment, and weakens the legitimacy of foreign policy.

A country whose institutional framework is perceived as fragile projects uncertainty, and uncertainty is the principal enemy of capital and strategic cooperation.

After nearly two decades of MAS governments, institutional erosion is evident. Although through greater presence in multilateral spaces and international economic forums an attempt was made to present a narrative of renewal, we failed to realize that country image is not rebuilt through declarations, but through verifiable structural reforms.

Words spoken from global podiums help; but markets, financial institutions, and strategic partners observe objective indicators. These include legal certainty, regulatory stability, separation of powers, administrative efficiency, and macroeconomic predictability. When these elements do not accompany the discourse, the gap between narrative and reality widens, affecting the credibility of the State.

Bolivia does not require merely a facial lifting, but a profound transformation of its institutional architecture. We need major surgery in at least five strategic lines:

  1. Strengthening judicial independence, guaranteeing transparent and predictable processes.
  2. Comprehensive reform of public procurement systems, with digital mechanisms for traceability and citizen oversight.
  3. Effective protection for whistleblowers and oversight bodies, preventing political capture.
  4. Fiscal and budgetary transparency, with credible external audits.
  5. Coordination between domestic policy and foreign policy, understanding that international reputation is a consequence of internal governance.

Let us stop making mistakes. A country’s image is not an advertising campaign; it is the accumulated reflection of political decisions, institutional quality, and strategic coherence. No participation in international forums — however relevant — can compensate for internal structural deficits.

If Bolivia aspires to rebuild its international credibility, it must understand that reputation is not proclaimed; it is built — and it is built with solid institutions, effective transparency, and a foreign policy conceived as a policy of State, not as a circumstantial instrument of internal legitimization.

Only then will words align with reality, and the country will be able to look at itself in the mirror with a new face.

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