Bolivia’s Professional Gap | La brecha profesional de Bolivia

By Rolando Morales, Brujula Digital:

There Is a Shortage of Professional Cadres

During the government of the MAS, there was a combination of somewhat more or less labor efficiency with somewhat more or less social inclusion. Now, under a middle-class government, it turns out that, in any case, Bolivia does not have a sufficient number of professional cadres for the government and for public and private companies. In this article I propose some hypotheses about this shortcoming and present suggestions to overcome it.

The poor performance of the universities is one of those responsible for this shortcoming. We have somewhat more than 700,000 students (about 10% of the adult population) in public and private universities; however, the Government and companies have difficulty finding well-prepared professionals to carry out different tasks. It is a paradox that is explained, in part, by the low quality of university teaching.

Another reason for this shortcoming is the development within the middle classes of a subculture of exporting children, evidenced by the joy they feel when some of their offspring, having completed university studies abroad, decide to settle outside Bolivia.

That joy has two sources. One, very reasonable, is associated with the lack of transparency in the labor market in Bolivia and, consequently, with employment opportunities. The other, somewhat less reasonable, is the presumption that abroad their children can be happier than in Bolivia. This belief has encouraged thousands of good Bolivian professionals to settle abroad.

There is concern and consensus in Bolivia about the urgent need to improve the quality of university education. A first step in that direction is to reconsider the State–university relationship, shifting the notion of delegation of functions to that of a contractual relationship in which the State becomes a purchaser of educational services and universities the providers, within the framework of respect for university autonomy.

This new approach will allow the State to introduce into the contractual clauses what it expects from the service it is purchasing, for example, with regard to the number and quality of professionals graduating each year and to teaching quality.

Teaching quality must be ensured through hiring by merit or competency examinations of professionals, regardless of where they completed their studies. In particular, it would be good to eliminate all existing obstacles for those who graduate abroad (text taken from Bolivia mirando al futuro by R. Morales, 2024, Plural ed.).

At the same time, it is urgent to democratize the labor market with open calls and appointments through merit-based competitions, especially in the public sector, which is the main employer in Bolivia, and to abandon practices of exclusion for political or other reasons.

In a conversation with Ricardo Alba, an engineer residing in Switzerland, the idea arose of the possibility of using, for the benefit of Bolivia, that enormous contingent of Bolivian professionals who live abroad. They could be very useful in the countries where they reside by providing local advice to our diplomatic and consular services and to the missions that attend different international events.

Taking into account the development of communication media, they could also provide support from where they reside to ministries, governorships, municipalities, to public and private companies, and to scientific development.

To make these ideas a reality, a formal network of Bolivian professionals abroad could be created, with a liaison office in the Foreign Ministry authorized to develop a database of professionals that reports on the geographic distribution of skills and on the willingness to cooperate with the country.

With that information, the liaison office will be able to connect local demanders with qualified professionals abroad for specific advisory work or to hire them for intermittent or permanent periods. An interesting step in this direction would be to integrate them into some corporate boards and into advisory bodies within ministries.

A recurring tendency among good professionals is their desire to transmit their knowledge through university teaching. It would be good for universities to open up the possibility for them to teach remotely with some in-person sessions at the end of the semester. Internet programs could also be developed, open to all who wish to take them, in different disciplines (sciences, mathematics, economics, history, music, etc.).

The liaison office could also organize workshops or seminars on history, the arts, and national reality aimed at our compatriots who live abroad. With goodwill and by using what is available, many problems can be overcome.

Rolando Morales Anaya is a Doctor of Economics.

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