Alasita of the Bicentennial: Miniatures That Sustain Hope | Alasita del Bicentenario: miniaturas que sostienen la esperanza

By Ramiro Sánchez, Eju.tv:

Every January 24, when the clock strikes noon and the bells ring in La Paz, thousands of people gather around the Alasita Fair to do something that, at first glance, might seem like a child’s game: buying miniature objects. Yet behind those tiny houses, banknotes, vehicles, professional degrees, or passports, one of the deepest expressions of Bolivian culture is woven, where faith, humor, historical memory, and collective aspirations are condensed into just a few centimeters of plaster, metal, paper, or wood.

Alasita —“buy me” in Aymara— has been recognized by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity since 2017, under the category of “ritual itineraries in La Paz during the Alasita Fair.” This international recognition merely formalized what the people already knew: the fair is a mirror of Bolivian society, a ritual of popular hope that renews itself year after year, adapting to change without losing its essence.

Mythical and historical origins of the Ekeko

At the heart of Alasita is the Ekeko, that good-natured figure with a smiling face and a body overflowing with abundance, hung with banknotes, bags of food, household appliances, house keys, and all kinds of goods. Its origin blends myth and chronicle, oral tradition and historical reading.

One of the most widespread narratives places the Ekeko in the context of the siege of La Paz in 1781, led by Túpac Katari. Amid scarcity and hunger, the figure of a small idol that “brought” food to a young woman from La Paz —thanks to the love of an Indigenous soldier— became a symbol of survival, ingenuity, and resistance. After the siege was lifted, Governor José Sebastián de Segurola ordered the annual holding of a fair of idols and miniatures, which over time would take shape as Alasita.

Researchers such as Arthur Posnansky, Antonio Paredes Candia, and Carlos Ponce Sanjinés have traced pre-Hispanic antecedents of the use of miniatures and “illas” as amulets of abundance and fertility in the Andes. These small representations were later integrated into the Inca world and, afterward, into the colonial one, mixing with Christian images, saints, and festive figures until crystallizing in the modern Ekeko.

The fair, which in its origins was celebrated on other dates, eventually became rooted on January 24 in La Paz, in a symbolic articulation between gratitude for liberation, the agricultural cycle, and urban reorganization. The history of the Ekeko is, in that sense, also the history of a city that learned to transform the trauma of siege into a celebration of life.

From the besieged city to the plural city

Alasita was born linked to the experience of La Paz, but long ago it ceased to be an exclusively local phenomenon. Today it is strongly celebrated in El Alto and other cities in the country, extends through wholesale, sectoral, and neighborhood fairs, and has even projected itself beyond borders, as shown by “Bicentennial Alasitas” activities in Buenos Aires and in consular spaces.

In La Paz, the 2025 edition was named precisely “Alasita of the Bicentennial,” in tune with the celebrations for the 200 years of Bolivia’s founding. More than 4,500 exhibitors, organized in 66 sectors, offered pieces of plaster, wood, metalwork, banknotes, ceramics, goldsmithing, and miniature press, reinforcing the economic and labor dimension of the fair. It is not only a ritual space: it is also a platform of work and subsistence for thousands of artisans who often live all year from what Alasita allows them to generate.

The expansion of the fair to other regions and countries, accompanied by auctions, municipal craft contests, and exhibitions in public institutions, has consolidated Alasita as a reference of identity and cultural diplomacy of the Plurinational State.

Wherever its miniatures appear, the narrative of a country also appears —a country that thinks of itself from dreamed abundance, even when reality seems to move in the opposite direction.

Hybrid rituality: between the church and the amauta

One of the most fascinating traits of Alasita is the ritual fabric that sustains it. At noon on January 24, people go with their purchases to Mass and blessings in churches, parishes, or public spaces, where Catholic priests sprinkle the miniatures with holy water. A few meters away, or even in the same place, amautas perform ch’allas and fumigations with coca leaves, alcohol, incense, and herbs, invoking the Pachamama, the achachilas, and protective Andean forces.

In this crossing of gestures, Bolivian popular religiosity unfolds, one that does not understand rigid borders between “the Catholic” and “the Andean.” For people, dogmatic coherence matters less than symbolic effectiveness: as long as the miniatures are well blessed —by the church, by the amauta, or by both— the desire can begin the long journey between paper and reality.

The Ekeko occupies a central place here. Many households keep his figure all year long, decorated with banknotes, keys, bags of food, and small objects. On special dates, he is “attended” with cigarettes, alcohol, or sweets, in a kind of everyday dialogue with prosperity. Alasita, in this way, does not end at the fair: it continues living on home altars, in offices, in neighborhood shops, where the Ekeko reminds us that the future, even uncertain, can be negotiated through small ritual pacts.

Miniatures as a social radiograph

Each era leaves its marks on the fair. For decades, miniatures of tiled houses, radios, sewing machines, trucks, or property certificates reflected the aspirations of social mobility in a society undergoing urbanization and modernization. Over time, the offer diversified: professional degrees, credit cards, computers, plane tickets, entire businesses in model form, and more recently, state-of-the-art cell phones, laptops, cryptocurrency certificates, or digital ventures condensed into just a few printed letters.

Alasita thus functions as a kind of symbolic survey of collective priorities and fantasies. What people buy says much about their fears, projects, and horizons. In a context of economic crisis, shortage of foreign currency and fuel, and political uncertainty, miniatures of savings, labor contracts, visas, small ventures, or work vehicles prematurely worn become uncomfortable mirrors of everyday precariousness.

But there is also room for humor and critique. Miniature newspapers, broadsheets, caricatures, and small posters satirize the authorities of the moment, denounce corruption, or mock bureaucracy, keeping alive a tradition of satirical press that UNESCO recognized in 2012 by registering La Paz’s “miniature press” in the Memory of the World program. In Alasita, laughter is a political act: it allows frustration to be processed without giving up hope.

Alasita of the Bicentennial: memory and future

The 2025 edition, called “Alasita of the Bicentennial,” marked a particular symbolic moment. At the same time the country was preparing to commemorate the 200 years of its founding, the fair reminded that Bolivian history cannot be told only from major political events, but also from these popular rituals where ordinary people inscribe their own milestones.

The official launch, held in Tejada Sorzano Square, was accompanied by musical groups and the presentation of a “representative illa of the Bicentennial,” conceived as a symbol of prosperity and cultural revitalization. The idea of a “Bicentennial Alasita” was not limited to a slogan: it implied an explicit will to articulate historical memory with the economic reactivation of artisan sectors and to stage a Bolivia that, despite difficulties, insists on imagining a different future.

In parallel, public institutions such as the Chamber of Deputies organized miniature exhibitions and activities to revalue the fair as living heritage, recalling its condition as a cultural asset of the State and its inscription on the list of Intangible Heritage of Humanity. These institutional gestures are important, but not sufficient: the real guarantee of Alasita’s continuity lies in the active appropriation made by new generations of artisans and devotees.

The Ekeko facing crisis: metaphors of resistance

In a context of inflation, unemployment, migration, and political conflict, the figure of the Ekeko acquires particular density. Beyond the caricature of the “god of abundance,” the Ekeko can be read as a metaphor for the small merchant, the street entrepreneur, the mother who turns hustling into her way of sustaining the family, the professional who strings together temporary contracts without stability.

Loaded with objects that he himself often cannot enjoy, the Ekeko resembles the worker who carries an entire country on his shoulders. Around him, the miniatures show the goods and services that structure modern life, but they also expose the gaps: there are those who buy miniature houses repeatedly without ever having had access to decent housing; others collect titles and certificates while facing a saturated labor market.

And yet, the fair continues to summon crowds. That persistence can be seen as naivety, but also as an act of symbolic resistance. Alasita teaches that hope is not an abstract emotion, but a practice: it is bought, blessed, cared for, renewed. If the country is going through difficulties, the Ekeko —that plump and apparently harmless figure— becomes a reminder that popular imagination does not give up easily.

Challenges for the future: preserve, innovate, dialogue

International recognition of Alasita entails responsibilities. Preserving the fair as living heritage requires public policies that protect artisans from competition by low-quality imported products, that regulate without suffocating, that accompany processes of training and transmission of knowledge, and that promote innovation without diluting identity.

It also raises the challenge of deepening intercultural dialogue. Alasita brings together Catholic devotees, practitioners of Andean spiritualities, popular urban sectors, middle classes, internal migrants, and Bolivian communities abroad. This encounter offers a unique opportunity to think about the country from its diversities, recognizing the legitimacy of different ways of believing, celebrating, and dreaming.

Finally, the fair invites critical reflection. What do our miniatures tell us about the development model we pursue? What kind of prosperity do we project when we fill the Ekeko with objects? What place do care, the environment, community bonds, and justice have in the fair, beyond material goods?

The Alasita of the Bicentennial and the editions to come should not be limited to commemorating a glorious past, but should open questions about the country we want to build. In that debate, miniatures can be allies: like any good metaphor, they condense in the small what we cannot or do not want to see in the large.

If the Ekeko keeps smiling, perhaps it is because he knows something we sometimes forget: that even in the hardest times, hope fits in the palm of the hand and is written in diminutive form.

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