The Dilemmas of Tariquía | Los dilemas de Tariquía

By Francesco Zaratti:

The energy policy of the last 20 years has emptied both the gas fields and the vaults of the Central Bank. The consequences are: a drain on foreign currency due to fuel imports—partially controlled by the price adjustments under Supreme Decree 5516; the risk of having to import gas in the short term, especially to continue generating thermoelectric power; and the weakness of the Bolivian currency, currently mitigated through fresh loans from international organizations.

The current government’s objective is to reverse both trends: to discover new hydrocarbon deposits by attracting venture capital and to stabilize the exchange rate.

In this context, positive news has emerged regarding the DMO-X3 well, operated by Petrobras, which reportedly has a potential (to be confirmed) of approximately 2 TCF. The bad news is that this well is located within the “area of influence” (though not inside) the Tariquía National Reserve, located in the department of Tarija, covering nearly 250,000 hectares.

Therefore, the dilemma facing the new government is whether to allow exploration and eventual exploitation of hydrocarbons in this “area of influence” to increase gas production and improve national (and Tarija’s) finances, or to halt the oil operation to avoid potential environmental damage and harm to the indigenous and peasant populations living there.

It is necessary to clarify that the current government inherited this dilemma and the service contract (approved at all levels); thus, in respect of legal certainty, the principle of administrative continuity of legal acts applies. On the other hand, the project faces widespread civic and environmental opposition. Finding a balance in this dilemma is not easy, nor is it helped by the emergence of counterproductive “defenders of Tariquía.” However, there is no other path than to honestly analyze the issue in all its dimensions, setting aside threats and blackmail from both sides.

This is precisely what Javier Aliaga Lordemann, a research economist at INESAD (Institute for Advanced Development Studies), has just done in a study published in Bulletin Síntesis No. 49 of that prestigious institution. I recommend reading it for its solid arguments, notwithstanding a few technical inaccuracies.

Key Points of Interest

 * Risk Assessment: Undoubtedly, the well in question is located outside the Tariquía Reserve, but this does not guarantee the absence of risks in drilling operations or eventual exploitation and production evacuation. To evaluate these risks—which the Bulletin details—there are environmental studies, the respective licenses, and consultations with local residents. All of this has been completed; the only suggestion would be an audit to verify that procedures were handled correctly, given YPFB’s lack of transparency in the past.

 * Destiny of Production: Based on the limited information available, this is a significant discovery, but not a “mega-field.” Even so, the destination of the production presents another dilemma: should it be consumed primarily in the domestic market (thermoelectric plants, first and foremost) to delay gas imports, or should it be exported to obtain foreign currency and royalties?

In reality, within the framework of the energy transition, this is a false dilemma. I fully share the Bulletin’s sensible suggestion: prioritize exports, bring energy costs in line with reality, and reduce gas dependency in electricity generation by turning to Bolivia’s abundant renewable sources.

https://fzaratti.blog/en/2026/01/15/the-dilemmas-of-tariquia/

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