BENEFIT OF THE DOUBT? | ¿BENEFICIO DE LA DUDA?

By Oscar Antezana:

There is little or no doubt left. In these almost three months, the government is showing what its imprint will be: difficult governability and marginal achievements. The consequence: the possible return of the left and the tossing overboard of the limited advances. The opportunity to achieve a 180-degree turn, as much of the electorate in the runoff expected, and to prevent the return of the populist left, will have vanished.

The genesis of this situation is twofold. First, there was and still is no clear government plan. The government’s actions over these three months are the evidence. Second, the vice-presidential candidate was chosen to win votes, not to govern responsibly. The Vice President has declared himself an opponent of his own government, something unheard of; he has divided the PDC’s party representation in the Assembly, and the Legislature is paralyzed. The common denominator of these two factors is demagoguery.

The government and close allies boast that their strategy of eliminating the fuel subsidy was masterful because, after repealing all of DS 5503, it legitimized the increase in fuel prices. It is neither that simple nor that positive. President Paz stated weeks earlier that he would not move a single comma of the decree, and the COB demanded the abrogation of the decree, or nothing. The result? The COB and the “weakened left” were revived. What is more, not only was the entire DS repealed, but the government also shared responsibility to draft the new decree (an embarrassment). The electorate clearly chose a government, not a co-government.

Yes, the decree kept the elimination of the fuel subsidy—of course it did. During the electoral campaign, polls already showed that most citizens favored eliminating that subsidy. However, the new DS 5516 also eliminated the extraordinary investment regime for natural resources, with legal and tax stability guaranteed for up to 15 years through an expedited 30-day Fast Track approval process. It also removed the exceptional authorization for the Central Bank of Bolivia to apply economic stabilization measures. These and other measures aimed to increase fiscal revenues and private investment and to stimulate growth. Yet, in addition to increasing the national minimum wage, DS 5516 kept the Extraordinary Program for Protection and Equity (PEPE) as a temporary system of cash transfers that increases the amounts of the well-known bonuses, and it eliminated tariffs on inputs for the transport sector. Moreover, a recent DS (5518) eliminates the tariff on cell phones, computers, tablets, etc., to “eliminate the economic incentive for smuggling mafias.” The easy way out—and how naïve, as if the country imported only cell phones. Reforming the National Customs Service would be a healthier, more serious, responsible, and lasting measure that would also generate revenue. It would be harder, but no one has ever said governing is easy, and the government knew that. Will it be able to do so in the future in a context of co-government?

So where does that leave us: revenue-generating measures are cut back, but spending is maintained. The government will say that the elimination of the fuel subsidy has been consolidated and, therefore, spending was reduced. But that is not enough to bring the high fiscal deficit down to manageable proportions. (As of January 12, the international average price of gasoline was US$1.28 per liter, or about Bs 12.50 at the reference parallel exchange rate. The current gasoline price is still subsidized.) The government said these prices would apply for six months. Will the government dare, after having revived the COB, to raise fuel prices, or will they remain fixed for another twenty years? Will the government be able to target the bonuses to the population that truly needs them? It seems the government has settled for putting out the fire, but at a high cost to governability and social and legal stability, and to economic stability and sustained growth.

By the way, economics is a social science; that is, it analyzes how people, families, and firms make decisions to satisfy unlimited needs with scarce resources, examines how individuals interact in the market and how these interactions form social structures and systems of exchange, among other things. An economic measure does not always turn out as planned because human and social behavior is uncertain. Therefore, effective and permanent communication by the government to the population is crucial. People will be more willing insofar as they have more information and better understand the why behind economic policies.

“… in Bolivia, governability also has an aspect that is directly related to citizenship; that is, not only to having a majority in Congress and/or the State’s capacity to enforce the law” (“Governability and Citizenship,” El Día, November 1, 2025). So far, the lack of operability of the Legislature, which together with the Executive defines and executes development policies, has resulted in a “wall-to-wall” governability: decree and blockade. What is more, the State’s capacity to enforce the law has just been severely hit by blockades and others. (Arce’s arrest is acknowledged, but many criminal union leaders and members of social groups are roaming free. The real test will be Evo.) There is no Legislature, and the Judiciary is lost. Will the model of governability be decree-blockade?

“I suggest, Mr. President, that from the first minute of November 8 you design and/or implement a massive and permanent awareness campaign about our forgotten values, such as honesty… compliance with the law… that reinforces our patriotism so that we understand and accept the sacrifices we all must make and tolerate the difficult days ahead.” We are still in time.

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