The Giant Titicaca Frog | La rana gigante del Titicaca

By Carolina Galarza, El Deber:

The Giant Titicaca Frog: Natural Heritage and Endangered by Human Consumption

La rana gigante del Titicaca: patrimonio natural y en peligro por el consumo humano

Scientists from several countries study the emblematic frog of Lake Titicaca / EFE

This endemic species of Lake Titicaca faces serious threats from tourism, illegal breeding facilities, and the consumption of its meat, despite the fact that it is not authorized for human consumption.

The giant frog of Lake Titicaca (Telmatobius culeus) is a protected wild species, known for being the largest frog in Lake Titicaca, which is shared by Bolivia and Peru. According to the Amphibian Survival Alliance (ASA), it is classified as “critically endangered” on the IUCN™ Red List, mainly due to overexploitation for human consumption and the introduction of exotic species into the lake, such as trout, which prey on its tadpoles.

EL DEBER contacted the Bolivian Amphibian Initiative to learn more about this species:

“The Titicaca frog is a protected and endemic wild species. It does not exist in any other ecosystem in the world, and its population is severely threatened, mainly by human consumption and pollution of the lake,” explained Carol Ballesteros, a social communicator specialized in environmental issues at BAI.

According to the specialist, this amphibian is the only one capable of surviving the extreme conditions of Lake Titicaca due to its adaptation to altitude, atmospheric pressure, and water temperature.

“It is the only aquatic frog species that can survive in the lake’s ecosystem. It lives under conditions that are extremely difficult for any other amphibian due to the atmospheric pressure, which is much higher. It is the only amphibian that can survive the altitude and the water temperature,” the environmentalist explained.

Consumption of this species

Contrary to tourist practices, Ballesteros warned that consuming this species poses a risk both to the lake’s ecosystem and to human health. She explained that the Titicaca frog breathes through its skin, which makes it especially vulnerable to pathogens, parasites, and heavy metals present in the water—contaminants that end up being ingested by those who consume it.

“Its consumption is a risk to human health because this amphibian species breathes through its skin. By breathing through its skin, it becomes contaminated with pathogens from the lake, not only parasites. When you consume the frog, you are also consuming those pathogens, which are parasites and microbial diseases,” she explained.

Likewise, Ballesteros added that the consumption of this species’ meat is not authorized for human consumption. “It does not have any sanitary certification from Senasag,” she stated.

Frogs raised in captivity

The Bolivian Amphibian Initiative warned that wildlife breeding facilities for consumption purposes are prohibited by law. Therefore, the offering of “frog legs” or so-called “frog juices,” promoted as invigorating, constitutes an illegal practice sustained by the use of unauthorized breeding facilities.

“When people talk about breeding in captivity, they are referring to a special authorization granted by what was then the Ministry of the Environment. Only captive-breeding centers have State permission to keep wild species that are not intended for consumption, but rather for rehabilitation and protection of the species,” the environmentalist indicated.

Ballesteros also regretted that some restaurants attempt to justify this practice by claiming they use other local species. However, she assured that there are no records to support that claim. After seizures and inspections carried out together with the Forest and Environmental Police (Pofoma), it was confirmed that the only species used in these establishments is the Titicaca frog, wrongly promoted as a product with supposed health benefits.

“Talking about breeding these frogs is incorrect and worsens the problem, because those spaces would be completely illegal and a risk both to the species and to public health (…) That supposed benefit has no scientific backing. In addition, it is an extremely cruel practice, since in many cases the animal is blended alive,” she stated.

Natural and cultural heritage

According to the environmental communicator, the Titicaca frog is a cultural heritage for Andean peoples, who associate it with rain during the planting season and, in other cases, with fertility. “The presence of the amphibian is linked to a popular belief that it attracts rain in order to be able to plant the year’s crops,” she added.

In addition to its symbolic value, its ecological role is fundamental to the balance of the lake. “People who live around the lake strongly associate the Titicaca frog with the ispi. The ispi is a native fish consumed by the local population, and its presence is closely linked to the existence of the frog: if there are no frogs, the ispi basically disappears,” she explained.

The consumption of this species was common more than two decades ago, but in Peru

The consumption of this species was common more than two decades ago, mainly in tourist circuits, but it declined thanks to environmental education campaigns and binational controls between Bolivia and Peru. Currently, the Titicaca frog is classified as endangered in Bolivia’s Red Book of Vertebrates and is legally protected.

“We have records from 20 or 30 years ago showing that the very inhabitants of Lake Titicaca sold these frogs. They marketed the frogs to hotels in Peru, and the hotels sold them as exotic meat to tourists. The locals obtained the frog, earned 50 cents, and the hotels sold the dish for 30–40 dollars,” Ballesteros indicated.

Currently, both Peru and Bolivia protect this species. In fact, Bolivian legislation prohibits the extraction, commercialization, and consumption of wild fauna. Among the regulations in force are Law 1525, which establishes criminal sanctions, and resolutions from the Vice Ministry of the Environment that prohibit the use of wild fauna for food or medicinal purposes throughout the national territory.

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