End of the Fixed Dollar and the Shock Ahead | Fin del Dólar Fijo y el Shock que Viene

By Raul Domínguez, El Deber:

Fixed exchange rate reached 14 years; its reduction is announced but an ‘inevitable shock’ is foreseen

Tipo de cambio fijo cumplió 14 años; anuncian su baja pero ven ‘shock’ inevitable

The U.S. dollar brushed Bs 20 this past May. There is expectation about the Government’s measures | Ricardo Montero

Some sectors view with relief the announcement of the end of the fixed exchange rate for the dollar, although the government has not indicated the path to follow. Analysts warn that, together with the end of the fuel subsidy, more inflation could be generated

This past November 2, the fixed exchange rate with respect to the dollar at the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) reached 14 years. It seems it will not reach 15 because the government of Rodrigo Paz has already announced that the 2026 General State Budget (PGE) will determine a new exchange-rate regime.

The one in charge of making the announcement was the Minister of Economy, José Gabriel Espinoza, and although he did not provide details of the new policy, some sectors and analysts agree that, even if done gradually, it will cause a “shock” in the economy.

The manager of the Bolivian Institute of Foreign Trade (IBCE), Gary Rodríguez, stated that the way out from a fixed exchange rate to a free, controlled, or “dirty” float — as the Bolsín was — will depend on the assessment that the BCB and the Ministry of Economy and Public Finance (MEFP) make of the current and future situation, after “putting the house in order.”

“The exchange rate affects absolutely all sectors, in one way or another, for better or worse, it affects the entire economy, and you can see it today in the prices of imported products that have climbed due to the rise of the dollar in the ‘black market’ (de facto devaluation) and, with that, production costs as well, since Bolivia is heavily import-dependent,” Rodríguez indicated.

For his part, the president of the Bolivian Chamber of Real Estate Developers, Óscar Paz, maintained that the new exchange-rate regime should move toward greater managed flexibility, where the market once again provides real signals and where economic actors can plan long-term without gaps or distortions.

“From the CBDI, we see that exchange-rate unification can become the most important signal to reactivate the real-estate sector, because it restores predictability and allows families and companies to plan long-term investments again,” he said.

In turn, he emphasized that the benefits of an exchange-rate normalization will generate more predictable costs in materials with imported components, reactivation of mortgage credit, greater investment capacity from developers, greater confidence from the final buyer, and less caution in the execution of projects.

“There may be a natural adjustment period, but exchange-rate clarity is the ‘input’ that the sector needs to regain pace, expand supply, and attract local and international investment,” he explained.

Enduring what is coming

Rodrigo Regalsky, a finance expert, considered that a change in the exchange-rate regime and, at the same time, the end of fuel subsidies, as the government has previewed, will affect all products and generate inflation.

“They want to do both things simultaneously. It seems they will do it in a gradualist way and we already have bad examples of gradualism in Argentina, with the administration of Mauricio Macri two administrations ago, when things went very badly because he did not achieve any positive result. Gradualism turned out badly for him, both economically and politically,” Regalsky argued.

However, according to the expert, the ‘shock’ must be endured once and not postponed any longer. “We need to contract in order to be better in the future. We have been living in an illusion during the last 15 years, that we are richer—this is not so—the most affected will be the poorest, as always, and we will return to a reality like the one we had 20 years ago,” he added.

Martín Ascarrunz, president of the Association of Agricultural Input Suppliers (APIA), considered that if the change of regime does not come accompanied by sufficient liquidity and an orderly transition, there could be sharp price increases in imported inputs, widening of exchange-rate gaps, and delays in restocking inventories, adding to greater financial uncertainty.

“The sector can work with any exchange rate, as long as it is stable and predictable. What really affects us is uncertainty (…). For a new exchange-rate regime to succeed, it is essential to ensure real access to dollars for productive sectors, implement an orderly transition avoiding abrupt jumps, and accompany exchange-rate policy with measures that boost planting, industrialization, and exports,” he added.

For Jhonny Salvatierra, president of the Bolivian Automotive Chamber (CAB), he stated that “it would be interesting” to have a price band for the dollar, given the current fluctuations it has. It would be like putting the house in order, but that does not depend on them (the government), it depends on the economy. (…). “The truth is that we businesspeople are exploding with happiness and joy seeing that measures are being taken that benefit companies,” he indicated.

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