Runoff Without Legitimacy? | ¿Balotaje sin legitimidad?

By Eju.tv:

Legitimacy in doubt: Can the winner of the unprecedented runoff govern without social backing or a parliamentary majority?

The runoff exposes the fragility of political representation, with reactive campaigns and a volatile electorate; analysts warn that a victory in the second round does not guarantee legitimacy if the winner lacks support in the Assembly and in the streets.

Tuto Quiroga and Rodrigo Paz will face each other again on October 19. Photo: AFP

Just over a month before the runoff on October 19, Bolivia faces an unprecedented presidential second round since the system was introduced in 2009. No candidate reached the 50% plus one threshold of valid votes, nor the 10-point lead required by law, since, according to the official count of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE), Rodrigo Paz obtained around 32% and Jorge Tuto Quiroga about 27%.

In third place was the residual vote, composed largely of null, blank, and abstention, which marked the agenda of the August 17 vote and gave rise to its promoter, Evo Morales, celebrating that the 19% null vote placed him in third place and affirming that the little more than one million people who opted for that choice expressed a rejection of both the “old and the new right.”

Parliamentary fragmentation reinforces uncertainty: no political force achieved a majority in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly. This means that the next president will govern without a solid bloc, forced to negotiate and make pacts for each initiative. Although the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) won the largest share of seats, it is not enough to reach a relative majority, much less two-thirds. The Libre alliance is in an even more compromised position.

El expresidente Evo Morales saluda a sus partidarios después de votar

Rodrigo Paz after casting his vote on August 17. Photo: AP

From now on, the two potential contenders in the second round must weigh the possibilities that will allow them to govern with relative ease in the coming years, especially in the initial stage of government, since both pledged to tackle economic pressure with short-term measures to bring in fresh dollars, normalize fuel distribution, and ease inflationary pressure that has eroded the purchasing power of Bolivian households.

This means that agreements with the rest of the parties represented in parliament must be ready by November 8, the day of the inauguration of the new president, or earlier. Every vote counts. The PDC has 16 senators; 17 plurinominal deputies; 30 uninominal; two from special districts; and five supra-state representatives (70 in total if supra-state seats are counted). This consolidates it as the leading force.

The Libre Alliance has 12 senators; 17 plurinominal; 20 uninominal; two from special districts; and two supra-state (53 in total including supra-state). It is the second force. The Unity Alliance obtained seven senators; 15 plurinominal deputies and 11 uninominal; two supra-state (35 in total including supra-state). Third force. Popular Alliance (AP): five plurinominal; two uninominal; one from special district (eight deputies). PB Súmate: one senator; five plurinominal deputies. The Movement Toward Socialism (MAS): two plurinominal deputies; no senators.

The composition of the two chambers as of November 8. Graphic: OEP

The numbers show the fragmentation in which the Legislative Assembly finds itself. This means that even currently marginal parties like Popular Alliance and MAS itself can become the golden vote that allows the next administration to push forward projects considered urgent to try to reverse the crisis the country is going through. The negotiating space could become the hinge for the renewal of a national unity government, as there was before Evo Morales.

The other problem is discursive and programmatic. The runoff campaign, far from focusing on concrete proposals, has become reactive. Political analyst Carlos Saavedra warned that the electoral second round, the first in the country’s history, is not following the path it should and, instead of being a democratic celebration, has turned into a “mud pit” of accusations and a limitless war.

“This second round has become a war without trenches, of attacks, a battlefield in missericordi (without mercy), where there is crossfire and few proposals,” said Saavedra, who later warned that instead of generating certainty and alternatives for citizens, the runoff campaign is producing “more fear, more uncertainty, and more polarization” among the electorate.

Tuto Quiroga at a proclamation rally. Photo: Social Media

A similar view is held by former presidential spokesman and political analyst Jorge Richter, who sees an absence of clear strategies in the campaigns of the two parties that will face off on October 19. According to the expert, the candidates act more out of reaction than planning, which could affect voter behavior. Once again the element of fear among the people arises due to the lack of real proposals from the tickets.

“There are no campaign strategies, what exists are reactions and attempts to take initiatives in the heat of the day-to-day or the immediate situation,” said Richter, in an interview on the radio program La Hora Pico on eju.tv. “It would be more important for us Bolivians to be told precisely how to bring dollars into the country and secure fuel supply. Both promise, but neither says anything substantive about the issue,” he explained.

In that scenario arises the fundamental question of how legitimate a president elected with barely a third of valid votes and a divided Congress will be. Democratic legitimacy, political scientists point out, is not reduced to winning a runoff; it implies effective representation in the Assembly and in the streets. Without visible majorities or active support, the next government will face difficulties in implementing reforms and maintaining political stability.

Another factor of governability will be the street. Photo: Reuters

Strategic or rejection voting becomes decisive. Some sectors that traditionally vote for MAS and its offshoots no longer endorse the null vote; for analyst Richter, the main beneficiary will be Rodrigo Paz. “The null vote will clearly lean toward Rodrigo. Jorge Quiroga has historically been an adversary, almost an enemy of the social and popular for many years. Those people will not vote for him,” he stated.

Beyond the ballot box, Bolivia’s second round will test the political system’s ability to build consensus. If the next president wants to avoid a governability crisis, he will have to go beyond a numerical victory: he must win the street, negotiate in the legislature, and reconnect with an electorate tired of empty promises. He must foster social mobilization, visible support from various sectors; not just numbers on ballots, but active citizen backing.

by Boris Bueno

Leave a comment