Bolivia at a Crossroads: Paradigmatic Exhaustion and the Urgent Need for Renewal | Bolivia en la encrucijada: agotamiento paradigmático y urgencia de renovación

By Renzo Abruzzese, Brujula Digital:

The current electoral scenario goes beyond the mere impression of a disordered party system or the classic factional struggle for power. What we are witnessing is a much more complex phenomenon: the collapse of the architecture of political representation and participation that, despite its historical limitations, had provided a minimum degree of coherence to the state structure throughout the democratic period. Citizens have the impression that the mediation between civil society and the state has been destroyed — in other words, the contradictions between the citizenry and the power of the authoritarian state have become irreconcilable.

In this sense, the notable fragmentation of political parties and the volatility of political loyalties are epiphenomena of a broader process that reflect a moment marked by a significant weakening of the social fabric. The erosion of trust, social polarization, the racialization of politics, and the fragmentation of institutions, together with the emergence of multiple collective identities immersed in the chaos produced by 20 years of misrule, greatly hinder the construction of common projects and spaces for citizen deliberation that could express new interpretations of reality.

Underlying this weakening of social bonds is the difficulty of articulating political visions that go beyond the ethnocentric matrix and the inertia of the authoritarian model implemented by the Movement for Socialism (MAS) over nearly two decades. What we are experiencing could be described as a terminal crisis of the political paradigms that have guided the country. Both the model born of the National Revolution and the plurinational project seem to have exhausted their ability to provide effective responses to social demands and Bolivia’s structural challenges. We are facing not just a crisis of governance or leadership, but the exhaustion of the very ideological and programmatic frameworks that have defined the political landscape over the past 74 years (1952–2019).

This paradigmatic crisis is dramatically reflected in the daily sense that the old is not yet dead and the new has not yet been born, and in the midst of this interregnum, the political order — along with its actors, narratives, and institutions — is clearly in decline, increasingly incapable of sustaining or reinventing itself. In any case, its structures appear more and more dysfunctional in the face of emerging new forms of political subjectivity, new identities, pressing sectoral demands, and generational and territorial sensitivities expressed in the streets. Altogether, this marks a moment of crisis rarely seen in the republican history of the nation.

Beyond individual responsibilities, this is a historical moment — another episode in the terrible epochal transitions of modern societies. In light of this panorama, the urgent need for substantive political renewal emerges forcefully. This renewal is not limited to a generational or leadership shift, but requires the capacity to rethink the foundations of the social contract and to design a historically continuous solution that can overcome the exhaustion of the state cycle that began in 1952. The pending task, then, is the articulation of a new “horizon of meaning” for the 21st century — and that articulation lies, in large part, in the hands of the emerging power of the citizenry.

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