The crypto dollar exposes Bolivia’s economic collapse | El dólar cripto desnuda el colapso económico boliviano

By Dennys Peredo Borda, Eju.tv:

On the morning of April 25, I logged into Binance’s P2P market (a peer-to-peer exchange platform that allows direct buying and selling of cryptocurrencies) and observed that the USDT (crypto dollar) jumped from Bs 14.00 to Bs 14.25 within a matter of hours. This abrupt increase reflects a trend that can no longer be hidden; the parallel dollar has doubled the official rate set by the Central Bank of Bolivia (Bs 6.96). This exchange rate gap is the accumulated result of the political and economic tensions that have persisted since the end of the commodities supercycle around 2016.

How did we get here?

Since 2006, Bolivia adopted an economic model centered on the nationalization of natural resources, particularly gas, with the State playing a leading role in the economy. This model initially yielded notable results such as poverty reduction and increased governability. However, the depletion of gas fields and the lack of new investments (in exploration) have led to a more than 50% drop in gas exports over the past decade. Without a clear strategy for productive diversification, the country has shifted from a gas-based model to one based on debt.

The Arce administration, in power since 2020, has chosen to continue the economic model of its predecessor (Evo Morales), resisting the implementation of structural reforms. Despite the growing shortage of foreign currency and fuel, the president has defended his approach, backed by the “support” of some social organizations, even though international macroeconomic indicators are beginning to show signs of exhaustion.

The economy is now seriously suffering. The black market, the parallel dollar, and cryptocurrencies have become survival mechanisms for importers and private entrepreneurs. Net international reserves have dropped to critical levels, and despite government denials, reports from multilateral organizations warn of a rising and sustained inflationary scenario (according to the IMF, 15.8%).

In this context, politics has become even more unpopular. In a murky electoral environment, with fleeting alliances and a fragmented opposition, the ruling party is attempting a restructuring aimed at retaining power. But economic issues are overwhelming political ones, and ordinary citizens are beginning to distrust both the government’s narrative and the opposition’s lack of proposals.

The Argentine case may offer valuable lessons. Facing a similar exchange crisis, Milei’s government implemented a set of measures aimed at stabilizing the economy, such as the most recent one: “the partial removal of the currency controls” (state control over the purchase of foreign currency), public spending cuts, and direct negotiations with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Although some analysts warn that these actions have been socially painful due to increased tariffs, inflation, and loss of purchasing power, they have begun to reduce the exchange rate gap and stabilize market expectations in the macroeconomy.

In Bolivia, it is urgent to learn from these experiences before economic collapse becomes inevitable. It is the responsibility of political actors (especially presidential pre-candidates and their teams) to seriously propose a sound economic roadmap. Are we willing to keep postponing change? If not, here are some minimum and essential measures:

  1. Reform of the economic model: diversify the productive matrix, reducing dependence on gas and raw materials.
  2. Institutional transparency: strengthen state institutions and promote public management with clear accountability, eliminating unnecessary public spending.
  3. Flexible exchange rate policy: adopt a system of exchange bands that allows the official exchange rate to adjust to real market conditions, thereby reducing the gap with the parallel dollar. While a fixed exchange rate can contribute to stability, its maintenance must be consistent with the evolution of the national economy to avoid distortions and financial imbalances.
  4. Responsible international agreements: negotiate external financing mechanisms without compromising national sovereignty.
  5. Political dialogue: promote broad consensus involving labor unions, business groups, universities, social organizations, and political parties, to implement reforms with social backing.

Bolivians must understand that this crisis is not merely circumstantial. It is the result of sustained political decisions and an already obsolete economic structure. Getting out of this maze requires technical audacity but, above all, political will. Overcoming sectoral interests, moving beyond managing scarcity, and building a new vision for the country is now, more than ever, a national urgency. This must be done as soon as possible, and maybe then we won’t have to hear, once again, that bitter warning: “Bolivia is dying on us.”

Lic. Dennys Peredo Borda
Vice President, College of Political Scientists of Santa Cruz

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