General Carlos Medinaceli: Original portrait of the victor of Tumusla | Retrato original del vencedor de Tumusla

By Juan José Toro Montoya*, Vision 360:

The original portrait of the victor of Tumusla has appeared

Official Medinaceli

On the occasion of the bicentennial, his direct descendants from two lines arrived in Potosí; that is, from both his first and second marriages.

Descendientes de Medinaceli muestran el cuadro original. Fotos: SIHP

Descendants of Medinaceli show the original painting. Photos: SIHP

The bicentennial of the Battle of Tumusla served to put an end to certain controversies, including the version that this historical episode was merely a mutiny, which has now been dismissed. Another doubt that has been resolved is the image of the victor of that battle, General Carlos Medinaceli Lizarazu, which now has a version considered official.

On the occasion of the bicentennial, the direct descendants of Medinaceli from two lines arrived in Potosí; that is, from both his first marriage, to Gabina Leaño, and the second, which was celebrated with Martina Ortiz de Aramayo. The descendants from the first marriage are the holders of the true diary of the victor of Tumusla, which was authenticated by experts and publicly presented in La Paz on January 8, 2025, by the governor of Potosí, Marco Antonio Copa Gutiérrez.

Front and back of the supposed photo of Carlos Medinaceli Lizarazu.

The surprise prior to the main commemorative events was the presentation of the portrait of Carlos Medinaceli Lizarazu, which was painted in 1836 and is in the possession of the descendants from the second marriage. The person who presented the painting was Jenny Medinaceli Díaz, who explained that it was originally in the hands of her sister Cenia, who had it for about 20 years in France. After her death, the painting was brought back to Bolivia and came into Jenny’s possession in Tarija.

In this portrait, one can see a man with a broad forehead, sideburns, and a black military uniform. A green sash crosses his chest, and above it is his right hand, tucked into the jacket through the button area, while in his left hand he appears to be holding a staff of command, similar to those used by curacas. At the top of the painting is the inscription: “Carlos Medina Celi Primero Gral. del Departamento de Potosi año 1836.” The inscription matches the information provided by Gregorio Barrenechea (1925) and Julio Díaz Arguedas (1929), who stated that the victor of Tumusla was promoted to brigadier general in 1836.

Original painting of General Carlos Medinaceli Lizarazu.

As with the diary, the painting will undergo expert analysis to determine its authenticity, but it has already been established that it is the original from which later copies were made. One of these copies appeared in a photograph in issue number 9 of the magazine Gesta Bárbara, on August 6, 1925, accompanying the biography of Gregorio Barrenechea, and its inclusion is attributed to the writer Carlos Medinaceli Quintana, future author of La Chaskañawi, who was the editor of that publication.

Researcher Eduardo Díaz-Romero notes that in 1925, on the occasion of the centennial of Bolivia’s independence, Lieutenant Colonel Díaz Arguedas went to Cotagaita in search of Medinaceli’s painting to include it in his book Generales de Bolivia, but he did not find it, so he had to use a graphite sketch. From these publications onward, portraits of Medinaceli appear only from the waist up, and the left hand holding the staff of command—visible in the original painting—is no longer shown.

The graphite sketch that appears in Díaz Arguedas’ book.

The photograph that appeared in Gesta Bárbara was later published alongside other articles, such as the anonymous piece “Sensational historical discovery consisting of unpublished letters from Bolívar and Sucre about a Bolivian hero,” published in La Calle, La Paz, on April 20, 1937, and in that same newspaper, “A hero who sealed Bolivia’s independence,” on August 12, 1945, signed by Emilio Medinaceli Quintana, brother of Carlos.

“Olañeta”

Carlos Medinaceli Lizarazu commanded the Chichas Hunters Battalion, which confronted the troops led by Field Marshal Pedro Antonio de Olañeta on April 1, 1825, in Tumusla. Ironically, a portrait of Medinaceli appears illustrating the entry “Pedro Antonio de Olañeta” in the digital encyclopedia Wikipedia.

Painting by Russo Chacón.

The portrait is a copy that remains today in the Corregimiento of Tumusla and appeared in 2005 on the cover of the book El Libertador de Charcas: entre Pedro Antonio y Casimiro Olañeta by Julio Ortiz Linares. This was the basis for a three-quarters portrait, 81 x 100 cm, painted by artist Russo Chacón and also appears on Wikipedia, falsely attributed to the Chamber of Senators. This painting was created by Chacón in 2009, at the express request of historian Walter Zavala Ayllón, and was based on the photograph published in Ortiz’s book.

In 2012, Víctor Hugo Medinaceli Suárez published Tumusla: la batalla que dio libertad e independencia a Bolivia, rescuing the photograph that appeared in Gesta Bárbara in 1925.

Historical Falsehood

By 2025, in preparations for the bicentennial of the Battle of Tumusla, the photograph of Carlos Medinaceli Lizarazu, which appears on the official website of the Historical Archive of La Paz, was presented as a major novelty.

The background of this photo is from the Arturo Costa de la Torre Heritage Library, which is divided into sub-collections, one of which is the photographic collection of Gastón Velasco Carrasco, consisting of about 300 photos.

Last painting by Russo Chacón.

The one attributed to Medinaceli bears the signature BGV00160-3 and is a photo showing a man in a marshal’s uniform, with little hair and a beard, without a mustache, very similar to José Ballivián. According to the references on the website, it was received without much scrutiny and was even used as a model for the recreation of the Battle of Tumusla. However, the fact that Medinaceli died in 1841 and that the introduction of photography to Bolivia dates back to 1848 was overlooked.

The photo in the 1925 issue of Gesta Bárbara.

In his History of Photography in Bolivia, Fernando Suárez states that “it was the brothers Charles and Jacob Ward who, during their visit to Bolivia in 1848, carried their daguerreotype equipment on muleback and took several photographs in La Paz, Oruro, and Chuquisaca,” so it is impossible that Medinaceli could have had a daguerreotype taken before his death.

The portrait that appears on Wikipedia with incorrect information.

The photo was reviewed by Díaz-Romero, who verified that there is a pencil inscription on the back that reads “General Medinaceli, victor of Tumusla,” and below it is the seal of Ismael Sotomayor, who has a history of falsifying other supposedly historical documents.

(*) Juan José Toro is the founder of the Historical Research Society of Potosí (SIHP) and author of Tumusla: la batalla innegable.

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