Blue-throated macaws in peril | Parabas barba azul en peligro

By Sergio Mendoza, El Deber:

Blue-throated macaws return to their origins in an attempt to save their species

Thirteen birds that arrived almost two months ago from the United States are awaiting their turn in the town of Loreto, in the Beni department, to become the salvation of their species

In the municipality of Loreto, located south of the Beni department, 13 blue-throated macaws that arrived nearly two months ago from the United States are waiting for their chance to save their species. Their parents, or perhaps their grandparents, were taken from their natural habitat several decades ago to be sold abroad for up to $5,000 each—a lucrative business that, combined with other human actions, has drastically reduced the population of these unique parrots to a dire count of just 350 individuals.

Their small numbers and the risks they face place these birds in “critically endangered” status, meaning they are at risk of disappearing entirely from the wild, says Rafael Mounzón, director of the Conservation Foundation for Bolivian Parrots (CLB), as we head in a “surubí” boat to the custody center the organization operates in Loreto, 25 kilometers from Trinidad.

There are three levels used to classify the risk of a species disappearing before it becomes completely extinct, Mounzón explains: endangered, critically endangered, and extinct in the wild. A fourth level would be total extinction. In the case of the blue-throated macaws, “we’re one step away from them disappearing from the wild,” he states.

Debra Hevia, jefa de Misión de la Embajada de EEUU en Bolivia, visita las aves

These parrots are endemic to Bolivia, specifically to the Beni region; that is, they do not exist and cannot exist naturally in any other part of the world due to their behavior and dietary habits. They do not build their nests but instead use natural holes formed in trees to lay their eggs, and their primary diet consists of motacú and totaí, fruits of Amazonian palms.

The presence of the 350 birds still surviving in Beni (although some estimate the number to be as high as 500) has been recorded in municipalities such as Santa Ana, Santa Rosa, San Ramón, and Loreto. The latter is the most monitored by the aforementioned foundation due to its accessibility and the creation of the Gran Moxos Municipal Protected Area, which was established in 2017 as a necessary measure to protect the habitat of the blue-throated macaw and other endangered species.

The 13 birds currently in quarantine, awaiting authorization from the National Agricultural Health and Food Safety Service (Senasag) to be moved to other areas of the custody center, were originally 14. They arrived in late September from the United States after also undergoing a quarantine process to prevent any undesirable contagion. It is known that a male parrot drowned, possibly while eating.

Mounzón explains that blue-throated macaws are known to have a single mate for life, which can be as long as a human’s lifespan.

It is believed that these birds returning to their origins are descendants of those originally trafficked abroad. Although their genes carry the ability to survive in this jungle environment—with temperatures exceeding 30 degrees Celsius, mosquitoes swarming like vampires, and all kinds of natural predators—these macaws will not be released. Due to their life in captivity, they are not considered capable of thriving outside a cage, where they are provided daily shelter and food. However, it is possible that their descendants might succeed.

“This is something exceptional. Nothing like this has ever been done—repatriating, reproducing, and releasing. This would be the first project carried out in this way,” says Mounzón. For now, the macaws are not permitted to have offspring, even in captivity, in accordance with safety protocols.

Omar Osco, the General Director of Biodiversity and Protected Areas, noted that the foundation’s plan to increase the existing blue-throated macaw population with offspring bred in captivity has not yet been approved, although he acknowledged there is a “good chance” it will be.

He explained that this decision will depend on a thorough evaluation of the costs and benefits of pursuing this idea, as in some cases, simply preserving the birds already living in the wild to ensure they continue reproducing proves more advantageous than releasing new specimens born in captivity.

U.S. Support Was Key

Since August of this year, the U.S. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has worked alongside Senasag to develop a protocol for the repatriation of blue-throated macaws moving forward.

“Our Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has collaborated with Senasag in Bolivia and the Ministry of Environment and Water to ensure these animals return with the necessary certifications and health guarantees. These 14 birds repatriated from the U.S. can make a significant contribution to increasing the number of blue-throated macaws in Beni, their only natural habitat in the world,” said Debra Hevia, Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Bolivia.

Hevia visited the custody center in Loreto on November 17 as part of a series of events marking Beni’s anniversary. After observing the birds that arrived from the United States, Hevia expressed her happiness at “seeing the birds healthy and safe, adapting to Beni after being raised in captivity.”

The macaws’ journey back to their place of origin began with a quarantine in Florida, United States, where they underwent health and even genetic testing to avoid inbreeding problems during reproduction. To make this a reality, the governments of Bolivia and the United States signed an agreement in late August that paves the way for future “repatriations” with permanent requirements.

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