Rains with risks of “black rain” and ashes | Aguaceros con riesgos de ‘lluvia negra’ y cenizas

By Deisy Ortiz, El Deber:

The rains arrive, but warnings are issued about the risks of ‘black rain’ and ashes

Foto: Ricardo Montero
Photo: Ricardo Montero

They can contaminate water sources and cause health problems for the population consuming it, as well as affect the ecosystem. Thursday’s rainfall did not clear the air, but it had features that sparked curiosity.

The rains that have begun to fall in the Santa Cruz region bring hope that they could extinguish the forest fires. However, the first downpours may be harmful due to so-called ‘black rain,’ filled with soot, and the runoff of sediments and ashes, which can pollute rivers, streams, and reservoirs that supply the municipalities in the provinces.

On Wednesday, the city of Santa Cruz and the northern area of the department experienced a heavy rainfall, which was unusual because it was accompanied by thunderstorms and a darkened sky, followed by a low dense cloud cover. Experts, such as environmental engineer Sandra Quiroga and Dr. Daniel Avellaneda, a physician at the San Ignacio de Velasco hospital, attributed the phenomenon to environmental conditions resulting from wildfire smoke combined with extreme heat. It is even said that in the northern area, there was the occurrence of ‘black rain,’ which has affected other countries like Argentina and Paraguay.

They warn that after the fires, the rainwater drags contaminants such as soot and ash to the surface, which dirties the water and may even change its color, a phenomenon known as ‘black rain.’

It can also pollute water sources and cause health problems for people who consume it, as well as impact the ecosystem.

Avellaneda warns that in the provinces, where the population gets drinking water from reservoirs or streams, there could be an increase in health problems due to the runoff of these contaminants, affecting the water quality. He notes that even now, without intense rains in the area, cases of diarrhea in children over five years old have tripled due to ash falling directly into water sources, similar to other areas affected by fires. “Generally, in areas where people get water from reservoirs, the filters used are not effective at filtering out soot and ash particles,” Avellaneda says, recommending that the population use water only from pumps that extract it from underground sources or drink bottled water. While boiling water helps eliminate pathogens, it does not remove sediments like soot and ash, Avellaneda clarifies. Fortunately, most provinces have water pumps.

Engineer Quiroga explains that post-fire rains can contaminate water sources. “Ashes, when mixed with water, produce acidity. Technically, this is called eutrophication, which occurs when there is a loss of oxygen,” leading to the proliferation of algae and other organisms, as well as a loss of water quality and the appearance of toxins. She points out that trees usually absorb these contaminants, but since everything has burned, even the riverbanks, there is nothing to minimize the harmful effects.

Fog, smoke, or steam?

It wasn’t just the lightning and thunder that caught people’s attention during Wednesday’s rain in the city but also the low-lying fog-like phenomenon that covered the atmosphere in the afternoon and evening. Unlike previous days, the sun was clearly visible this time.

Is it fog, smoke, or steam? Many wondered while traversing the streets, assuming that the rain would help clear the smoke. Engineer Quiroga says she was curious about this too and concluded that it was a mix of smoke and moisture. With the change in winds, the smoke may have been mixed with rain vapor, she notes.

For his part, Luis Alberto Alpire, known as the “Weather Man,” believes the rain did not entirely clear the smoke from the city. “When it rains from the north and fires persist, the smoke is carried back,” he indicates.

Ramiro Soliz, regional director of the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service (Senamhi), indicated that Wednesday’s rain was unusual because the sky darkened, likely as a result of the fires.

He explained that high temperatures cause rainwater to evaporate quickly, which is also a consequence of the fires.

Impact on health

Diarrhea was the main issue affecting residents of the Candelaria indigenous community in Concepción, one of the hardest-hit by fire and drought. The 138 families had to use water from a pond because the only well could not supply enough water and had to be locked at night to accumulate some of the liquid for the following day.

Bartolomé Suárez, president of the OTB, said the 800 residents living there are somewhat relieved because the regional government has installed a pump that now also provides them with water. However, they are awaiting the repair of another pump for greater extraction capacity.

“Due to air and water pollution, illnesses have emerged. Most of the children and elderly suffered from stomach pain because sometimes we had to drink water from a pond, which was contaminated with ash and green water, but we had no other choice,” said Suárez.

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