Urcupiña

By Denisse Rojas, Opinion:

Pilgrimage to Calvary: The Path that Unites Thousands

The approximately 15-kilometer journey from the Cathedral of Cochabamba to the Cota hill marks the end of the grand national festival.

Peregrinación hacia el Calvario./ DICO SOLÍS
Pilgrimage to Calvary./ DICO SOLÍS

Another of the main activities during this festivity is the pilgrimage to Calvary. Also known as the walk, it is performed as an act of faith by believers in the Virgin of Urcupiña. Participants (pilgrims) cover approximately 15 kilometers from the Cathedral of Cochabamba to the top of Cerro Cota (Calvary).

This year, the journey begins at midnight on August 16 and lasts through the early morning until they reach the San Ildefonso temple, where a mass is held for prayer. Afterwards, the pilgrimage continues to Calvary, where the ‘breaking of stones’ ritual takes place. This ritual involves breaking rock fragments with hammers or mallets, symbolizing a loan requested from the Virgin for a benefit sought by the pilgrim. The petitioner must take the extracted stone home and return it to the same place the following year.

TRADITIONAL RITUALS

After this action, ‘ritual tables’ are prepared across Cerro Cota, usually offered by ‘yatiris’ or specialists in traditional ancestral rituals. These offerings are made for healing and therapeutic requests.

These rituals are often accompanied by background music and adorned with various colorful decorations. The preparation requires careful selection of the ingredients for the offering, tailored to the pilgrim’s needs, and is presented to Pachamama.

For this process, the pilgrims must formally recognize the yatiri as a legitimate mediator for intervening in the healing and resolution of their request, thus closing the ‘shamanic’ circle closely associated with the ritual tables to ensure their petition is fulfilled.

ALASITAS

The Urcupiña Festival also includes one of Bolivia’s most popular traditional activities: an Alasitas fair.

With over 20 stalls selling miniature items, crafts, and objects usually made of plaster and lime, devotees express their requests to the Virgin through these items.

According to tradition, the devotee must make their intentions accompanied by their miniature representation and then perform the ch’alla, expressing their requests with prayers to the Virgin of Urcupiña.

The most sought-after miniatures for this activity include figures of houses, lots under construction, buildings, wheelbarrows filled with construction materials, and baskets of food.

The ritual must be performed annually for three years. According to believers, the requests made with faith to the Virgin were fulfilled, which is why they return to this festival every year, either in gratitude or to ask for other favors.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FESTIVAL

Due to the large number of pilgrims, not only from Bolivia but also from other countries in the region, the Urcupiña Festival is considered one of Bolivia’s largest religious and cultural manifestations, comparable to other festivals such as the Oruro Carnival (Oruro), the Gran Poder entrance (La Paz), and the Feast of the Virgin of Copacabana (La Paz).

In Bolivia, the devotion to the Virgin is so strong that there are more than 627 temples and chapels throughout the country, according to the book “Bolivia, Tierra de Vírgenes Poderosas” by Hans van der Berg et al.

In addition to the pilgrims, many tourists from other continents visit the municipality of Quillacollo, who, through the replication of this festival in their countries, became interested in Bolivia’s cultural and religious expressions and decided to experience it firsthand.

Countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Spain, Chile, Paraguay, the United States, and Spain celebrate this festival with Bolivian migrants residing in these locations. It is estimated that at least 20 different cities have the presence of the image of the Virgin of Urcupiña.

These celebrations outside Bolivia are held with folkloric parades and at least one mass in honor of the Virgin.

With the unique aspect that pilgrims have the opportunity to renew or modify their requests to the Virgin each year, the fact that the celebration lasts several days, with the official launch by the Archbishop’s Office occurring a month earlier, and that it is a celebration with two distinct focuses—religious and pagan—makes the Urcupiña Festival a unique manifestation that expresses the religiosity, culture, and significance of traditions in Bolivia.

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