Do low temperatures affect or benefit agricultural crops? | ¿Afectan o benefician las bajas temperaturas a los cultivos agrícolas?

By Lourdes Molina Rea, El Deber:

Los expertos dan algunas recomendaciones para combatir la nevada en los valles
Experts give some recommendations to combat snowfall in the valleys

According to expert analysis, the Cruceño valleys and Cordillera have been the most affected regions by the ‘surcito’.

According to the experts, two phenomena occur when low temperatures are recorded: snowfalls and frosts. The first can be beneficial for agricultural crops, but the second can destroy production.

“What has been recorded so far in the Cruceño valleys is snowfall; however, in Cordillera, it is frost,” clarified Luis Alberto Alpire, better known as the weather man.

Snowfall

According to Alpire, snowfall in the valleys can affect fruit trees that are in bloom or bearing fruit. “Early peaches are particularly vulnerable; the snowfall destroys the flowers and the fruit. If the fruit is already developed, it suffers.”

He added that grass and forage for livestock get burned, “it dries out and does not nourish the animals. It can also affect some tubers like potatoes, but it is not as harmful as frost,” Alpire explained.

Therefore, the expert recommended foliar spraying with potassium silicate, “because it helps the plant endure and prevents it from affecting its development. Today, they should have done foliar applications.”

He also clarified that traditional methods help too, “like placing lard cans with sawdust at the bottom and a cloth with diesel to generate smoke and heat around. It is advised to place four to five cans around the crop to generate heat, so the low temperature does not affect it in the early morning. This is a method I recommend because it is cheap and not as costly as sprinkler irrigation.”

He mentioned that snow is still expected this Saturday, “but later there may be frost in the valleys. We hope it won’t affect much or impact production significantly.”

Alpire’s version was confirmed by Jaime Chávez, coordinator of the Horticultural Health Program of the Governor’s Office. He alerted producers that, despite this phenomenon not yet occurring in the lower areas, preventive measures should still be taken to avoid crop losses.

He added that the most damaging climatic phenomenon is black frost, which affects the plant tissues causing death.

Conversely, he explained that these low temperatures also benefit the fruit sector as the plants need cold hours to promote fruit growth.

In Cordillera

The weather man explained that although frost has not yet been recorded, it will affect forage for livestock. However, he clarified that “during this winter period, no agricultural crops are sown in Cordillera. They are now harvesting corn, which is in the final stage, so there is no harm to agricultural crops.”

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