El Alto versus Chapare

Rolando Telleria, Los Tiempos:

The division within the Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) also carries regional connotations. While during the almost 14 years of hegemony — to put it that way, borrowing from Gramsci — there was an interesting cohesion that allowed Evo Morales to serve three consecutive terms, today the MAS is also divided territorially.

The truth is that, in this division, we have El Alto as the bastion of the renewed MAS. It is the headquarters of the “arcista” MAS. On the other side is the Cochabamba tropics, home to the six federations of coca growers, Morales’ impregnable stronghold.

It’s clear that the division doesn’t stem from ideological origins but rather from interests, envies, resentments, and passions.

We could assert that the division began with Morales’ unfortunate decision to designate Luis Arce Catacora as the MAS presidential candidate for the 2020 elections, while the Unity Pact proposed David Choquehuanca. Morales chose Arce because he considered him more faithful, loyal, and submissive, thinking that he would govern from Chapare behind the scenes. It’s clear now that these circumstances wouldn’t have arisen if not for the terrible crisis of 2019, which led to Morales’ resignation. It’s also clear that the 2019 crisis stemmed from the non-compliance with the results of the 21F referendum, a significant milestone and turning point.

To have a more comprehensive view of this territorial division, it’s important to examine what happened during Morales’ 14 years in power. Throughout that period, the hegemony of the Chapare coca growers’ bloc was very pronounced, both among leaders and within the various organizations comprising the Unity Pact. Those who benefited the most from power, with parliamentary seats, ministries, deputy ministries, diplomatic positions, and others, were the MAS members from the Chapare bloc. The Cochabamba tropics represented the Super-State.

Not only that, but the tropics also benefited from huge investments during the boom years. There’s the Urea Plant, which required nearly $1 billion in investment. Unlike any other region, it boasts three stadiums. Additionally, there’s all that formidable infrastructure like the South American Village, among many other significant projects.

The other MAS bloc, now based in El Alto, during those 14 years of Chapare hegemony, had no significance. They had no influence in political decisions or presence in state apparatus positions. Some voices indicate they were rather sidelined.

They were also ignored in terms of investments and major projects. Apart from the Cable Car, I can’t find any investment comparable in magnitude to those in Chapare, despite major political struggles and victories, such as the gas war, occurring precisely in El Alto. Morales’ government never recognized their significant contributions and struggles with “projects.”

All of this has undoubtedly fueled an inevitable process of division, which was triggered — as political analysts say — by Luis Arce’s presidency, a result of the 2020 elections with 55% of the vote.

With “Lucho’s” rise to power, the Chapare MAS bloc, contrary to expectations, lost its hegemony. The unexpected happened because it was assumed that during Lucho’s government, the center of power would remain in the tropics.

Instead, Arce Catacora’s government sidelined all the tropics’ leaders from public positions.

In this struggle, the nerve centers of both regions are gaining paramount importance. In Lauca Ñ, Morales’ base in the tropics, the first — annulled — MAS congress took place, aiming to maintain hegemony and singular leadership. In contrast, the “arcista” bloc held a massive gathering in El Alto, attended by public officials and grassroots social organizations. During MAS’s 29th-anniversary celebrations, the tropics, this time Yapacaní, took center stage again.

Now, it is anticipated that the most important event where the future of the party and the ownership of the acronym will be decided will take place in El Alto. Likewise, if the “evista” faction fulfills its threats to disrupt the country from Chapare, El Alto will become the headquarters of the “renewalist” wing.

In the impending disputes and conflicts, El Alto and the tropics dominate the political agenda.

Leave a comment