The struggle for the survival of the spectacled bear | La lucha por la supervivencia del oso jucumari

Madeleyne Aguila / Fundación Armonía, Los Tiempos:

The spectacled bear lives in the mountainous regions of Bolivia. | Viviana Albarracín

“As a member of the bear family and one of the eight bear species in the world, the Andean bear or spectacled bear is the only one that inhabits South America. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness about this species and show the threats it faces. Just as the panda bear or the polar bear are endangered, the Andean bear is also threatened. It needs and deserves our protection,” comments Viviana Albarracín, a specialist with over 15 years of experience in the conservation of this magnificent mammal.

Albarracín is an engineer in ecology and environment, with extensive experience in environmental management and outreach, with a particular interest in the study and conservation of the spectacled bear. In an interview with the Armonía Foundation, Albarracín highlights the importance of the Andean bear in Bolivia’s biodiversity, its cultural heritage, and its role in ecosystem services for people.

“What characterizes the Andean bear are the markings around its face and neck. These markings are different in each individual and may even be barely visible in those bears that appear completely black at first glance. The markings of the Andean bear gave it the vernacular name of spectacled bear. They are whitish or lighter in color than the fur of the rest of its body and act like fingerprints to recognize each bear. The male Andean bear can reach between 1.8 and 2 meters in height, standing on two legs, while the female reaches 1.5 to 1.6 meters,” says the expert.

The Andean bear inhabits a narrow strip along the Andes mountain range, from the foothills of the western Venezuelan Andes, through Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, to the southern central Andes of Bolivia. Regarding numbers, according to Albarracín, there is no concrete data; estimates range from 13,000 to 18,000 individuals throughout its distribution. In Bolivia, the Andean bear can be found in the strip of mountain forests from La Paz, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca, to Tarija.

The Andean bear faces serious threats that have led it to be categorized as a Vulnerable species to Extinction, according to the assessment of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Efforts are currently underway to update that assessment, and unfortunately, it is likely to move to a higher-risk category, such as an Endangered species. Among the main threats to the spectacled bear are habitat loss, wildfires, hunting for retaliation, and the illegal wildlife trade.

In some places where bears coexist with people, conflicts can occur, mainly due to the consumption of crops or livestock. Since the habitat of the Andean bear has been transformed for agriculture.

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