One Hundred Days into the Paz and Lara Government | A 100 días del gobierno de Paz y Lara

By Germán Huanca, MFE (*):

The first 100 days of a government are usually the most commonly used benchmark to anticipate its direction: are we facing a transitional administration, one of adjustment, or one of structural transformation? In the case of Paz and Lara, this period has made it possible to identify a style marked by rapid economic decisions, contradictory signals toward private investment, and a strategy aimed more at immediate stabilization than at deep reforms. The thesis is clear: the government has prioritized restoring liquidity and supply in the short term, shifting part of the cost to the population, but without yet resolving the structural problems that gave rise to the crisis.

During the campaign, Paz and Lara offered a package of measures that combined fiscal orthodoxy with social incentives. They announced the gradual elimination of subsidies, the distribution of bonuses to sustain household income, and the closure of loss-making public enterprises. The message was one of an orderly transition toward a more sustainable economy.

However, once in power, gradualism was replaced by an immediate adjustment in fuel prices, without mitigating measures for public transportation. The decision succeeded in curbing smuggling into Peru and normalizing domestic supply, although at the cost of introducing gasoline of questionable quality and passing the inflationary impact on to consumers. It was a decision consistent with the orthodox stabilization manual: first secure supply and liquidity, then discuss reforms.

Among the achievements is the restoration of public confidence in fuel provision through the issuance of Supreme Decree 5503, later amended by 5516. The shortage, which had eroded the State’s legitimacy, ceased to be the main issue of daily concern.

On the external front, the country’s international image showed a noticeable improvement, reflected in the decline of the country risk index. This signal suggests that markets interpret the measures as a shift toward greater macroeconomic discipline.

Likewise, the return of dollars to savers holding foreign currency eased tensions in the financial system and stabilized the exchange market, making the dollar no longer a scarce—and therefore expensive—good.

Where progress is less visible is in employment. No changes are perceived in the labor structure or in the capture of public employment by militants of the previous ruling party. The promise of meritocracy remains pending.

State-owned companies continue to operate without deep reforms or remain paralyzed, evidencing indecision regarding their closure, capitalization, or restructuring.

Regarding private investment, the initial signals included in Supreme Decree 5503 were later withdrawn, generating uncertainty. The announcement of new laws to promote investment, made on Wednesday, February 18, has not yet translated into concrete instruments; as long as there is no legislative approval, it remains in the realm of good intentions.

The adjustment implemented has reduced only part of the fiscal deficit, transferring to the population costs previously borne by the State through subsidies. At the same time, the contracting of new external debt has made it possible to sustain international liquidity, but it increases future obligations without addressing the structural causes of the imbalance.

The main challenge will be to transform the “50/50” slogan into a real mechanism for the distribution of resources between the central level and the regions, and also into a model of partnership with the private sector. Without clear rules on revenue-sharing and profits, investment will continue to be postponed.

Such a scheme could replicate the productive logic of the countryside: those without capital contribute land and labor, while the investor provides financing and technology, distributing profits equally. However, for it to work on a national scale, legal certainty and regulatory stability are required.

Finally, the population expects a clear economic direction. So far, the government has managed the situation with emergency measures, but it has yet to present a comprehensive development plan that would allow a shift from stabilization to sustained reactivation.

At one hundred days, the Paz and Lara government has demonstrated the capacity to make difficult decisions and restore certain basic balances, but it has also revealed the absence of a structural strategy. The question that will guide the coming months is whether this administration will be remembered as the one that contained a crisis or as the one that laid the foundations for a new economic model. Without deep reforms in employment, public enterprises, and private investment, the stabilization achieved risks being only temporary relief.

(*) Economist; former Vice Minister of Strategic State Planning.

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