The Vote That Changed Bolivia | El voto que cambió Bolivia

By Pablo Peralta, Visión 360:

A decade since 21F, the referendum that dealt a blow to Evo and marked the beginning of the MAS decline in power

February 21, 2016 became the prelude to the transition from the regime of the Movimiento Al Socialismo to the administration of President Rodrigo Paz.

That day, then–Vice President Álvaro García Linera arrived at the polling station with his wife and his pet, along with some thirty militants from the blue party. After casting his vote, he left the premises, but when he did something happened: he departed not only amid cheers, but also among whistles against him, according to press reports. That night, the results would seal the course of the next decade. The calendar read February 21, 2016.

The “No” to reelection won that time with 51.30%, representing a difference of 136,382 votes compared to the second option. Ten years have passed since that consultation, whose results dealt a blow to the reelection ambitions of the blue party and then-President Evo Morales. That date became the origin and the prelude to the transition from the regime of the Movimiento Al Socialismo (MAS) to the administration of President Rodrigo Paz.

The referendum

Those who promoted the referendum sought to amend Article 168 of the Political Constitution of the State (CPE), which establishes that the presidential term is five years and that the president may be reelected only once consecutively. Those who pushed for that consultation aimed for the president to be reelected “for two consecutive terms.”

The “No” to that possibility obtained 2,682,517 votes (51.3%); meanwhile, the “Yes” received 2,546,135 (48.7%). “Now, perhaps we have lost a battle, but not the war,” Morales acknowledged one day after the defeat.

With that result, the purpose of modifying the CPE for reelection ambitions was brought to a halt. However, the attempt to place Morales on the ballot did not cease and, in the end, he was enabled thanks to a 2017 constitutional ruling, which was promoted by MAS legislators and some allies.

Lesson in democracy

The president of the Senate, Diego Ávila, maintained that in the February 21, 2016 referendum a lesson in democracy was delivered, which was complemented by the 2019 uprising following the failed elections of that year.

“On February 21, 2016, the Bolivian people gave the entire political establishment a lesson in democracy that was complemented years later with the greatest popular uprising in our history against the one who sought to disregard the unappealable ruling of the ballot boxes,” he stated.

Samuel Doria Medina, leader of the Unidad alliance, said that the struggle for democracy began with that referendum: “Everything we did in 2019 against the fraud and in 2025 to put an end to the MAS had its original reference in 21-F. The struggle for the pluralist democracy that we have won in the country began precisely a decade ago, on February 21, 2016.”

Meanwhile, former president Jorge Tuto Quiroga stated that ten years ago “almost all democrats” began “the end of the evista tyranny when Bolivia said No.” Quiroga also recalled that five years ago the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued Advisory Opinion OC-28/21, which establishes that indefinite reelection does not constitute a human right. With that — said Quiroga — “the door was closed forever to the ‘eternal one.’”

Zvonko Matkovic, departmental assembly member and candidate for vice governor of Santa Cruz, maintained that 21F was not just a date, but the day when “Bolivia woke up” and decided to defend its democracy with courage.

“Ten years ago a civic struggle began that united thousands of Bolivians around a shared sentiment: to make the voice of the people be respected and to defend the democratic values that sustain our future,” he expressed.

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