Energy Storage | El almacenamiento de la energía

By Francesco Zaratti:

The advantages of renewable energy sources (solar, water, wind, geothermal, biomass) in electricity generation are well-known, and they typically impact global warming much less than fossil fuels.

The objections to their wider adoption within the framework of the energy transition are of two types: cost and intermittency.

It is improperly claimed that the cost per unit of electrical energy—the megawatt-hour (MWh)—is higher for renewable sources than for thermoelectric plants. This statement might have been true 20 years ago, but the falling cost of solar panels and other technological components has made “cold-generated” electricity more economical than gas.

For example, if we take the LCOE (Levelized Cost Of Energy) as a parameter—a calculation that includes initial investment, maintenance, fuel, and the plant’s lifespan—solar energy beats gas in real costs across most markets. In fact, the solar MWh in large-scale plants is below $50, while in combined-cycle thermoelectric plants, it hovers around $80. This result is due to the precipitous drop in solar panel prices and the fact that “solar fuel” is both free and inexhaustible.

The other objection points to the intermittent nature of renewable sources: a solar panel produces during the day (and better when it’s sunny); a wind turbine depends on steady wind; and a hydroelectric plant depends on rainfall patterns. In practice, solar energy is the most intermittent and hydroelectric the most reliable, meaning they complement each other without yet being able to do away with thermoelectricity entirely.

However, intermittency also has a solution, though it comes at a price. Generally, solar farms, like other plants, often generate more electricity than can be transmitted through the power grid. That surplus energy can be stored in different ways. For instance, it can be stored in accumulators—large batteries that return electricity when needed; it also allows for recharging a dam by pumping the water discharged from a hydroelectric plant; likewise, it is used to decompose water (electrolysis) to obtain “green” hydrogen. There are also plants, called concentrated solar power (CSP), which use a system of parabolic mirrors to convert solar radiation into heat stored in salts, which is then released to generate electricity even at night. Naturally, each additional process raises the final cost of electricity. In fact, a solar MWh stored in batteries can cost more than $100.

New ideas are emerging to lower that cost. For example, in China, abandoned underground mines are already being used to store high-pressure air, compressed using surplus renewable energy. The air sealed in the mine is later released to activate a turbine and generate electricity. The advantage lies in the fact that air is free, so the only expense is the compression process.

Bolivia is particularly rich in two renewable energy sources: sun and water, both located in the Andean region. The Altiplano is a “solar paradise” with a virtually unlimited capacity to produce electricity, provided the surplus is harvested to counteract intermittency using the most appropriate storage methods.

To that end, as I have reiterated tirelessly, all that is missing is the development of an Energy Transition Plan that encourages and guarantees private, corporate, institutional, and community investment, and “democratizes” renewable electricity generation through regulatory rather than purely economic incentives.

https://fzaratti.blog/en/2026/02/11/energy-storage/

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