Bolivia: Loosens Its Dollar Freeze | Empieza a salir del congelamiento del dólar

By Daniela Romero, EFE; Vision 360:

Bolivia Heads Toward Exiting the Dollar Withdrawal Freeze, Says Former Central Bank Chief

The return of foreign currency and the drop in the dollar’s reference quotation, among other measures, are seen by analysts as signs that the Executive is trying to ease the restrictions in force since late 2023.

Una persona contando dólares en una calle en La Paz. Foto: EFE

A person counting dollars on a street in La Paz. Photo: EFE

Former president of the Central Bank of Bolivia, Juan Antonio Morales, told EFE that the return of dollars to small savers launched by the government of Rodrigo Paz is “moving in the right direction” to end the withdrawal freeze, although he warned that the measure is not enough to normalize the economy’s relationship with the currency.

Morales said that the restitution of dollar savings to individuals and small businesses with deposits of up to $1,000 represents an initial step toward dismantling the so-called withdrawal freeze, as the retention of dollars in the financial system is known, but he noted that there is still “a significant amount” that has not been returned to larger savers.

The return of foreign currency and the drop in the dollar’s reference quotation, among other measures, are viewed by analysts as signs that the Executive is trying to ease the restrictions in force since late 2023, when limits began on withdrawals and transactions in foreign currency inside and outside the country, in a context of dollar shortages.

The problem worsened in early 2023, when net international reserves (NIR) fell to $3.148 billion, one of the lowest levels since 2014, the year they reached a historic high of $15.122 billion. Since then, difficulty in accessing foreign currency through official channels has fueled the expansion of the parallel market, where in May 2025 the dollar came to trade at 20 bolivianos, compared with the fixed official exchange rate of 6.96 in force since 2011.

In addition to returning dollar savings, Paz’s government adopted other economic measures such as eliminating fuel subsidies, which raised diesel and gasoline prices, and reducing tariffs on technology. In November, the elimination of four taxes that, according to authorities, discouraged private investment was also announced, although that initiative is still pending consideration in Parliament.

For his part, the manager of the private Bolivian Institute of Foreign Trade (IBCE), Gary Rodríguez, told EFE that these decisions send “strong signals” to economic agents. Rodríguez said that the drop in the dollar’s quotation relative to the parallel market, the result of greater transparency in financial transactions and the start of lifting the withdrawal freeze on dollar deposits, has been well received by the population, even though the adjustment has been severe.

Likewise, Morales, an economist who was president of the BCB from 1995 to 2006, stressed that in order to maintain a more stable relationship with the dollar, the main reference point should be the parallel market quotation, which he considered a “reasonable” level.

In that sense, he said it is not advisable to think about maintaining the official exchange rate of 6.96 bolivianos, since that would reduce the competitiveness of the Bolivian economy internationally.

For Morales, the reference quotation that should be maintained this year would stand between 9.50 and 9.60 bolivianos per dollar.

Since December, the BCB has published a daily reference value of the dollar against the boliviano, while the Executive has clarified that the official exchange rate remains in place and that it will move toward a “flexible” scheme, after first strengthening net international reserves.

The return of foreign currency was announced last week by President Paz and the Minister of Economy, and carried out through the financial system with the delivery of cash dollars by the BCB. The head of the issuing authority, David Espinoza, reported that the measure will benefit 770,000 small savers and 20,000 small businesses, with an approximate amount of $48 million, and that the government will continue working to address the remaining 20%.

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