Bot Farms Behind Protests | Granjas de bots detrás de las protestas

By Carlos Quisbert, El Deber:

They detect three bot farms linked to the MAS that encouraged the protests

Detectan tres granjas de bots ligadas al MAS que alentaron a las protestas

One of the profiles used to amplify posts generated by bot farms

A virtual security report reveals that they operate from Cochabamba, La Paz, El Alto, and Sucre. The fake profiles installed five narrative axes, ranging from attacks against the Government to support for Evo Morales and Vice President Edmand Lara

At least three “bot farms” linked to the so-called “digital warriors,” allegedly tied to followers of the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), promoted and amplified the protests against the Government and the measures adopted in December. The virtual operation sought to install five narrative axes that later led to road blockades, economic losses, and clashes between citizens and social organizations.

The campaign was deployed mainly through the TikTok and Facebook platforms at an estimated cost of US$140,000, according to a cybersecurity report prepared for the Government and accessed by EL DEBER. The Bolivian Police also had access to these flows of systematic disinformation.

The report identified the use of these bot farms—automated programs that carry out repetitive tasks simulating human behavior—precisely from patterns of “inhuman activity” detected starting on December 25, approximately one week after the promulgation of Supreme Decree 5503, which eliminated fuel subsidies and included other provisions whose content was transmitted to TikTok users through discursive axes.

Although the initial reactions were expressed on social media, the conflict intensified from January 2 onward, with marches and blockades in different regions of the country. Precisely on that day, “social listening” monitoring was activated, which in its first hours detected some 360 suspicious accounts, a number that grew steadily.

“From that date on, the activity evolved, but it does not present characteristics of human work. So far we have recorded 72.9 million views, distributed across 3,643 videos and other content generated by these profiles. It is impossible for that volume to be produced naturally, even with a team of 200 people creating material continuously,” one of the specialists responsible for the study explained to EL DEBER on condition of anonymity.

From the Bolivian Police they explained that the modus operandi of these digital attacks is consistent with political structures that operated during the government of Luis Arce, mainly from two ministries, under the ideological line of Columna Sur, a MAS faction that backed former minister Eduardo Del Castillo.

“These digital warriors remain active. One group operates from outside the Government and another remains as public officials,” stated a former official of the Vice Ministry of Internal Regime who worked during the administration of Nelson Cox. He recalled that previous complaints about these practices cost him his job.

Attack narrative

The report estimates that eight out of every ten videos analyzed were created or amplified by bots or digital farms. Although it was not possible to precisely establish the physical location of these structures, the highest concentration of activity was recorded in Cochabamba (34%), La Paz (28%), El Alto (22%), and Sucre (16%).

The analysis identified five predominant narrative axes. On the one hand, direct attacks on President Rodrigo Paz (38%); demands for the repeal of DS 5503 (27%); support for protests by the Bolivian Workers’ Central (COB) and the teachers’ union (18%); support for former president Evo Morales (10%); and backing for Vice President Edmand Lara (7%).

“The content escalated rapidly. At first it focused on rejection of the ministers and, starting Thursday, January 8, it raised the tone even to direct calls for the president’s resignation. This is activated from a central node that generates an artificial amplification topology,” the specialist detailed.

Among the key indicators for identifying artificial profiles are continuous posting schedules, coordinated attacks during press conferences, sudden silences, and the temporary disappearance of accounts. “They do not act at random: they work by objectives,” he emphasized.

Another recurring element is the identical repetition of spelling errors across different contents and the excessive use of hashtags, clear signs of automation and digital coordination, especially in areas where the conflict began to expand, with specific hotspots in Cochabamba and the La Paz altiplano.

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