High-Cost Social Adjustment | Ajuste con alto costo social

By Raúl Domínguez, El Deber:

Comprehensive Adjustment with High Social Cost: Highlights and Shadows of the Government’s Economic Package

Ajuste integral con alto costo social: luces y sombras del paquete económico del Gobierno

The government seeks to balance the country’s finances / Archive

Economist Fernando Romero warns that the Government’s measures will also affect several economic activities

The set of economic measures announced by the Government last Wednesday, presented as an “economic, financial, energy, and social emergency” through Supreme Decree 5503, constitutes a comprehensive adjustment aimed at restoring macroeconomic sustainability, although with significant social and inflationary risks in the short term, according to the analysis of economist and university lecturer Fernando Romero.

In his assessment, Romero describes the provisions as “Christmas economic measures,” while also acknowledging advances in fiscal discipline, investment incentives, and tax ordering. However, he warns that several of these decisions could deepen inequalities and put pressure on the most vulnerable sectors if they are not applied with effective controls, gradualism, and targeted protection policies.

Among the positive aspects, the economist highlights the facilitation of investment and tax stability, considering that they “reduce uncertainty and country risk, key elements for attracting national and foreign capital and generating formal employment.” Nevertheless, he clarifies that their social impact is slow and tends to benefit large companies to a greater extent.

Along the same lines, the repatriation of capital at a 0% rate could increase the availability of dollars and strengthen international reserves, but it “poses an ethical and fiscal dilemma,” since it can be interpreted as an incentive to tax evasion and does not generate direct revenue for the State.

Romero also notes mixed effects in the regularization of tax debts and in VAT deductions. While these measures organize public finances and reduce the real tax burden, he warns that, if poorly administered, they can weaken tax discipline and open space for irregular practices, such as false invoicing.

Employment, Costs, and Formality

In the labor sphere, the deduction of labor costs against VAT and the simplified 5% bimonthly regime seek to reduce the cost of formality and facilitate hiring. “They are relevant incentives for formal employment and MYPES,” Romero notes, although he warns that their effect may be temporary and with a negative fiscal impact.

Regarding the minimum wage of Bs 3,300 with free negotiation, the analysis recognizes that the measure protects basic incomes and limits abuses, but it also increases business costs, especially for micro and small enterprises, with the risk of affecting employment.

Imports, Regions, and Public Enterprises

The 0% tariff on spare parts and machinery, together with the payment of tariffs in 36 installments, can improve productivity and business liquidity, in addition to containing transportation inflation. However, Romero warns of lower customs revenue and greater external dependence.

As for the 50/50 distribution of resources with subnational governments, the economist values the strengthening of autonomies and regional investment, but warns about possible territorial inequalities and risks of mismanagement.

A key point of the package is the prohibition of financing by the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) to public enterprises, which—according to Romero—“sends a clear signal of fiscal discipline and helps contain inflation,” although it requires restructuring processes to avoid financial problems and the deterioration of services.

Social Measures and Spending Adjustment

The maintenance of the Juancito Pinto Bonus and the Renta Dignidad supports consumption and protects the most vulnerable households, but increases current spending without generating productivity. In parallel, the wage freeze in the public sector reduces fiscal pressure and shows a signal of austerity, although it implies a loss of purchasing power and lower urban consumption.

Finally, the new hydrocarbon prices aim to reduce subsidies and guarantee supply, but their inflationary impact is immediate and has regressive effects on households.

A Transition with Risks

In his conclusion, Romero maintains that the success of the package “will depend on the State’s capacity to implement effective social compensations, strengthen institutional control, and communicate clearly.” He recommends applying the measures with gradualism, monitoring prices, and reinforcing transparency and coordination among levels of government.

“The adjustment can lay the foundations for sustainable growth, but if poorly managed it can lead to greater poverty, informality, and social conflict,” the economist warns.

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