Federalism Too Early | Federalismo Aún Prematuro

By El Diario:

Federalism Proposed While Autonomies Are Still in Their Infancy

  • Political scientist Franklin Pareja, in an interview with EL DIARIO, warned that Bolivia risks turning to federalism as a solution to a problem that is actually the result of never having implemented the autonomy model already enshrined in the Constitution.
FROM THE CASA GRANDE DEL PUEBLO, MAS GOVERNMENTS HAVE INSISTED ON MAKING AUTONOMIES FAIL IN THE COUNTRY.

The debate on federalism has resurfaced; however, for political analyst Franklin Pareja, the discussion is mistimed and misprioritized. In his view, federalism is a long-term solution, difficult to implement within the current institutional structure, and above all, unnecessary while the country has not even made the autonomy regime, already established in the Political Constitution of the State, function in practice. The problem is not the autonomy model, he insists, but hyper-centralism, which has left it on paper only.

In an interview with EL DIARIO, Pareja recalled that since 2009, Bolivia has defined itself as an autonomous state; however, in practice it has continued to operate under a centralist and presidentialist logic, where decisions—especially economic ones—are made at the national level.

Governors and mayors are elected by popular vote, yet they have been subordinated to the central bureaucracy, to the point where a mid-level official in the Ministry of Economy could have more decision-making power than an elected departmental authority. With this system, it is absurd to speak of “failure” of the autonomies. “Something that was never implemented cannot fail,” he said.

In this context, the shift toward federalism appears to some sectors as the natural response to regional disenchantment, especially in Santa Cruz and Tarija.

Pareja warned that a change of this magnitude requires a constitutional reform, a new political pact, and a series of departmental referendums, which would make the process long, complex, and uncertain. Meanwhile, Bolivia already has an autonomy framework that, if seriously applied, could redistribute power and resources without the need to reinvent the State.

The political scientist proposed a clear path: adjust the regulatory framework, finally tackle the fiscal pact, and ensure that all transfers of competencies come with sufficient resources so that departments and municipalities stop functioning as begging administrations.

Only with real autonomies—territories with money, power, and decision-making capacity—will it be possible to rigorously evaluate whether it makes sense to eventually move toward federalism.

Today, concludes Pareja, the urgent task is not to change the model but to finally start the autonomy engine that the country has been declaring for 15 years but has never truly put into motion.

Regarding the topic, El Decano de la Prensa Nacional also interviewed historian Roberto Arze, who noted that at the end of the 19th century, Bolivia experienced the so-called Federal War, which arose from the dispute over the location of the capital between Sucre and La Paz.

The federalism controversy in Bolivia began in the 1870s with Andrés Ibáñez’s rebellion, and the only attempt to implement the federal system was suppressed, even by those who promoted it, he recalled.

He added that the federal banner mobilized political and even social forces, as the conservative elites of La Paz aligned with the liberal movement, leading to the 1899 war as an expression of the struggle between the concentrated power in Chuquisaca and the more economically and commercially vital power in the La Paz region.

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