Notable U.S. Rapprochement | Notable acercamiento de Estados Unidos

By Javier Viscarra, Brujula Digital:

What began as a friendly mention of Bolivia by President Donald Trump and his Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, as a potential new partner in Latin America during a press conference motivated by Argentine President Javier Milei’s visit, has, in just two weeks, turned into a remarkable closeness.

First came the official statement from the State Department, which set a thematic agenda with Bolivia; then Rubio’s phone call to President Rodrigo Paz to congratulate him on his electoral victory; and afterward, the unexpected support of a group of countries led by the United States. Everything seems to point to the imminent exchange of ambassadors, though without the formal protocol that would normally close the wound left since the expulsion of Ambassador Philip Goldberg.

The appearance of President-elect Paz Pereira alongside Marco Rubio this Friday, October 31, in Washington, D.C., framed by the flags of both countries and with the characteristics of an official state act, constitutes irrefutable evidence of the new bilateral climate opening between Bolivia and the United States.

To this day, Bolivia has not yet defined the agenda it intends to pursue with Washington, as the U.S. government has done. That’s understandable: Bolivia’s foreign policy team has not yet been formed, and in such asymmetric relations, haste is often more dangerous than caution. But beyond this circumstantial explanation, it’s worth examining the substance of the matter: what does Bolivia really want from this relationship?

Immediately, the obvious goal will be to seek economic aid—to open financial channels that can ease the shortage of foreign currency and fuel. These are legitimate demands and, in budgetary terms, relatively insignificant for international organizations or the U.S. Treasury itself.

But the crucial point lies in the other side of the agenda: the fight against transnational organized crime, and with it, the battle against drug trafficking, which has penetrated Bolivian territory, corrupted entire communities, and, in some cases, reached the very structures of the State.

The inevitable question is how far Bolivia is willing to go in confronting this phenomenon—and, by doing so, to eliminate the so-called “hidden GDP” generated by the illicit drug trade and laundered with impunity inside the country.

In the 1980s, Bolivia managed to eradicate almost all coca cultivation in the Chapare region. But then came the concessions. It was no longer just the Yungas of Vandiola, where a few hundred hectares of legal cultivation were permitted. During Carlos Mesa’s government, producers in Chapare secured authorization for 3,000 hectares supposedly destined for the acullico (traditional coca chewing) market in Sacaba—something that never happened. Today, with more than 12,000 hectares cultivated in the Cochabamba tropics, the situation is frankly alarming. It would be no surprise if the next report speaks of more than 35,000 hectares nationwide.

Bolivia should return to the path outlined in 2005, when before the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in Vienna, it requested authorization to conduct a study on the legal consumption of coca leaf for medicinal, ritual, and traditional purposes. Only a rigorous study can determine how much coca leaf the country actually needs for legitimate use—and how much feeds the illegal circuit.

That decision, of course, would have direct consequences for reducing coca paste and cocaine hydrochloride production. It would deal a structural blow to the business—and, therefore, to the interests that protect it—with the risk that violent score-settling, increasingly frequent, could intensify. But in the long run, it would mean regaining control over a territory and a parallel economy that today operate outside the State’s authority.

For this reason, the new relationship with the United States must be carefully negotiated. It is essential that the Foreign Ministry lead this process, with the technical support of competent ministries and institutions, to ensure that the commitments undertaken do not undermine national self-determination—but also to seize this unique opportunity to break free from the illicit circuit that has burdened the country for decades.

This is not about questioning cooperation but about managing it intelligently, preserving both sovereignty and credibility. The American rapprochement is great news, but the terms of that relationship must be defined from La Paz.

Negotiating with the United States will undoubtedly be a work of diplomatic filigree, and only an experienced team can handle it with balance. It is time to act with a cool head, strategic prudence, and a statesman’s vision.

Javier Viscarra is a diplomat and journalist.

Leave a comment