We, the Bolivians | Nosotros, los bolivianos

By Andrés Gómez V., Brujula Digital:

In our Bolivia there are three indisputable empirical facts:

• First: we all descend from a common past of 200 years. We are the product of our history.
• Second: the camba needs the colla in order to be camba, and the colla needs the camba in order to be colla. The identity of one makes sense thanks to the identity of the other.
• Third: we have mixed culturally and genetically to such an extent — in 500 years — that what once was no longer is; it has become that other which it once saw as foreign. It is humanity’s inevitable fate, because today we travel more than before, and faster.

The pains and victories of the past unite us. The problems of the present bring us together. And the hope for the future calls us to be us, the Bolivians.

To repeat that we are a “sick people” is unscientific. Alcides Arguedas wrote that book when genetics had not yet established that the human race is one. It is a text that opened eyes in the early 20th century, when science had not yet read the “book of life” to understand the human genome. Arguedas was responding to his era, in which neuroscience, genetics, physics and communications were far from their current development. He may not have even known Einstein’s theory of relativity.

Human beings share the same virtues, flaws and biases — here, in Russia, or anywhere in the world. Fyodor Dostoevsky shows it in The Brothers Karamazov. In Bolivia there are many like Fyodor (the father) and his sons Dmitri, Ivan, Alexei. Or like Grushenka.

We also share the same virtues and flaws now as we did centuries ago. One only needs to look at Greek or Roman theatre, or the works of Shakespeare. It is precisely to reduce our flaws and cultivate our virtues that human animals invented philosophy, education and politics. That is why, 2,300 years later, we still cultivate the Stoicism of Zeno of Citium.

So, why are other countries developed and we remain stuck in the mud?
One reason: they built a we, the basis of their social cohesion.
Another: they turned their differences into energy, not weakness.
And another still: they formed elites capable of yielding in their beliefs to make way for science.

Human beings embrace in two moments: in danger or in success. Today Bolivians are in grave danger because of the crisis caused by the left-wing populist regime. Either we embrace and join hands, or we will fall back a hundred years in social and economic development. To embrace, we must build elements of social cohesion. One of them — inescapably — is the construction of the Bolivian self.

From that perspective, it is worth remembering that the strength of the Bolivian being lies in its diversity. Diversity enables the exchange of ideas, productive complementarity, innovation and productivity — the drivers of economic development. However, polarization makes us see it as a weakness because it breeds distrust, disagreement, racism and social conflict.

The most diverse societies lead the modern world, for technological progress accelerates in such contexts. China is a multiethnic country with 56 nationalities; India is made up of more than 705 ethnic groups. They have problems, like all countries. Humanity is imperfect, after all.

To turn diversity into strength, we must reduce the social inequality that assigns predefined roles by class or skin color. To avoid that, we must invest in education as a social elevator and generator of equal opportunities.

And to take this leap, we need elites capable of looking to the horizon with scientific vision. If reality has changed, thought must change. If an economic formula has failed, another must be applied. If beliefs have held us back as a country, we must cultivate new ones. Of course, we must also change the narratives that anchor us to the past.

If we have been broken as a society, we must rebuild cohesion. If plurinationality has not worked, we must cultivate the Bolivian nation. We need pragmatic minds, not ideological ones. More science, less dogma.

Bolivians descend from a common past. It cannot be changed. We are obliged to rebuild our house on those stones. It is useless to lament or surrender to pessimism. We must look at the present with serenity and cultivate the future with hope.

Andrés Gómez is a journalist and lawyer.

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