The Return of the Palkachupa | El regreso de la palkachupa

By Fernando Chávez, Vision 360:

Leco Indigenous People Recover the Population of a Bolivian Endemic Bird Believed Extinct for Nearly a Century

Two of these birds appeared before the eyes of Remmy Huanca as he rested under the shade of a tree in the Bolivian Amazon.

Un ejemplar de la pequeña ave conocida como palkachupa cotinga. Foto: Mongabay

A specimen of the small bird known as the palkachupa cotinga. Photo: Mongabay

The Palkachupa Program, coordinated by the environmental organization Armonía along with five communities of the Leco people, managed to establish, through 2034, Community Protection Areas that safeguard 23.6% of the habitat of a small bird with a distinctive forked tail known as the palkachupa cotinga.

Remmy Huanca discovered that this species, endemic to Bolivia, had been believed extinct for nearly a century, and its population was so small that seeing one was almost a miracle. That “miracle” happened in 2022, when, at 33 years old and without even imagining it, two of these birds appeared before his eyes while he rested in the shade of a tree in the Bolivian Amazon.

The Leco Indigenous people’s philosophy of life is based on the concept of “guardians and nurturers.” They are protectors and companions of the entire natural environment around them. The Leco decided to become guardians of the palkachupa (Phibalura boliviana) when they discovered it was endangered and that, besides being a bird found only in Bolivia, it lives exclusively in a small region of the Apolo municipality in La Paz.

The palkachupa was rediscovered in 2000, after nearly a century without any sighting records, and from then until August 2025, its population increased from around 600 individuals to more than 1,900.

The Leco included the palkachupa in their Life Plan, a social organization tool that ensures its protection, after making it the emblem of their Indigenous nation.

“The palkachupa is a natural icon of the Leco people; it’s a bird that represents us because it exists only in Apolo,” says Huanca, an Indigenous leader of the Leco people.

Huanca, who is also an agronomist and technician with Armonía, recalls that the palkachupas he saw seemed tame, as they remained still while he observed them from different angles. “It was really beautiful to see them,” the 36-year-old Indigenous leader told Mongabay Latam.

For Dionisio Gutiérrez, the capitán grande (highest authority) of the Leco people, the story was different. He recounts that as a child, he used to see the palkachupa while collecting firewood in the forest.

He confesses that he was among those who tried to catch it as a game, unaware that it was a unique species in his region and even less that it was endangered. “Within our territory, we are fortunate to have very rich biodiversity, which is part of our daily life, our surroundings, and our subsistence,” he affirms.

According to Mongabay, the Palkachupa Program began in 2022 and managed to establish 1,888 hectares of Community Protection Areas within their Original Community Land (TCO), through agreements between the Central Organization of the Leco People of Apolo (CIPLA) and two Quechua farming communities. With this progress, they were able to protect, through 2034, 23.6% of the palkachupa’s breeding habitat.

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