Tarija, how we were and how we ended up | Tarija, así éramos y así quedamos

By El Pais:

The history of Tarija is told in terms of battles won and territories lost

Mapas del departamento

Maps of the department

Mapas del departamento
Mapas del departamento
Mapas del departamento

TARIJA Map

The Bicentennial celebration is an ideal occasion to review the different stages of history, highlighting the richness and the different feats that shaped the vast territory that makes up the nation. From the south, Tarija decided to become part of Bolivia under specific wartime and political circumstances, and since those decisions, its territory has changed.

The history of Tarija is told in terms of battles won and territories lost. From the beginning, the privileged Tarija valley became an essential hub for the movement of invaders, and the patriotic victory brought a shift in the board. Tarija was one of those cities where the war was actually fought rather than just declared elsewhere.

On April 15, 1817, the main leaders from all corners of the department came together to achieve the common goal: expel the invader and take control of their own destiny. With those same purposes and through popular participation, Tarija became bound—sealed in blood and fire—to Bolivia forever.

Tarija was once an enormous department that, over the years, gradually withdrew toward its valleys. The Chilean invasion of the Litoral, in which the only victory was won by Tarija’s troops, cut off its commercial routes to the Pacific. The subsequent civil war further distanced it not only from economic centers but also from political power, which shifted to La Paz.

It was during this time that the first drop of Bolivian oil emerged in Bermejo. Many more followed, and years later, the Chaco War broke out. Although Tarija managed to keep its wells and the lands that would later see the drilling of the largest gas fields in the country, the conflict reduced its domain.

“The Tarija Question”

To speak of this department, it is necessary to highlight “The Tarija Question,” a strategic, political, and military struggle between Bolivia and Argentina that lasted through the rest of the 19th century. It was not resolved until the Quirno Costa–Vaca Guzmán treaty of May 10, 1889, slightly modified in 1891 and enforced on March 10, 1893. The border was drawn in such a way that Argentina implicitly renounced its claim over Tarija. In return, Bolivia ceded a territory it had already lost militarily: the Puna de Atacama, which was in the hands of Argentina and Chile. Later, the border had to be modified again to include Yacuiba within Bolivia’s limits.

Today, the department of Tarija covers an area of approximately 37,623 km². It is divided into 6 provinces: Gran Chaco, Aniceto Arce, José María Avilés, Cercado, Eustaquio Méndez, and Burdet O’Connor.

It has 11 municipalities: Bermejo, Caraparí, El Puente, Entre Ríos, Padcaya, San Lorenzo, Tarija, Uriondo, Villamontes, Yacuiba, and Yunchará.

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