Candidates in the Media: Debates Become a Breeding Ground for Disinformation | Candidatos en los medios: los debates fueron el caldo de cultivo para la desinformación

By Visión 360:

2025 Elections

In the third week of July, disinformation focused on televised electoral debates, which media outlets had opened as part of their coverage. Misleading accounts took advantage of these spaces to spread false and deceptive content about candidates.

Bolivia Verifica

The media opened more space for electoral coverage through debates that questioned the candidates about their proposals and positions on various issues. This dynamic was exploited by disinformative accounts that attacked some candidates by manipulating the content broadcast during these programs.

The Electoral Disinformation Observatory (ODE), after a rigorous verification process, identified Samuel Doria Medina as the figure who received the largest number of falsehoods during the third week of July. Another ongoing trend in disinformation was fake polls.

Of the 12 pieces verified last week, the classification was: 8 false, 3 misleading, and 1 true.

Doria Medina in the disinformers’ sights

Two TV networks dominated the agenda with candidates appearing in various slots and formats. After the first electoral debate organized by Red Uno, a manipulated video circulated claiming that the network cut the microphone of Manfred Reyes Villa, candidate for Autonomía Para Bolivia-Súmate (APB), for mentioning “fake polls.” However, the correct information is that Reyes Villa’s allotted speaking time had ended.

The audiovisual content, widely spread on TikTok, directly accused the network with the caption: “Red Uno silences candidate Manfred for speaking about fake polls.” [See here]

Red Uno did not cut Manfred Reyes Villa’s microphone for talking about polls

In the same debate, misleading content was created by manipulating a broadcast fragment to falsely claim that Samuel Doria Medina, candidate of Alianza Unidad, admitted to buying polls. The video went viral on TikTok with a voiceover and the message: “Doria Medina admitted he bought polls on Red Uno. Without realizing it, the candidate fell into the trap when asked by Manfred Reyes Villa about the call in which he revealed the poll results.”

Doria Medina never admitted to paying for poll dissemination; he used irony in a series of verbal exchanges on the topic with Reyes Villa (APB-Súmate).

In the Red Uno debate, Eduardo del Castillo, candidate from the Movimiento Al Socialismo (MAS), stated that economist José Gabriel Espinoza Yañez was president of the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB). He used this claim to tie Doria Medina to the transitional government of Jeanine Áñez Chávez, naming others to highlight connections with the past administration.

However, this claim is inaccurateEspinoza was a director, not president, of the BCB.

Eduardo del Castillo gives an inaccurate claim about the former BCB director

Separately, using artificial intelligence (AI) tools, disinformers created an audio clip alleging that Samuel Doria Medina paid to disqualify Jaime Dunn de Ávila, then a pre-candidate for Nueva Generación Patriótica (NGP).

The widely spread video carried the title: “What do you mean Samuel was the one who disqualified Jaime Dunn? Leaked audio reveals Samuel was the one who took Dunn out of the race.” [See here]

AI-generated audio falsely claims Doria Medina paid for Dunn’s disqualification

Doria Medina was also impacted by the resignation of Karla Robledo Guardia, a senatorial candidate in Santa Cruz for Alianza Unidad, due to her father’s links to drug trafficking.

fake video used images attributed to Red Uno and El Deber, claiming that Doria Medina had distanced himself from the Camacho camp after the scandal. The intent of this hoax was again to harm the businessman in the race, as he remains allied with imprisoned opposition leader Luis Fernando Camacho Vaca. [See here]

The video claiming Doria Medina distanced himself from Camacho over the Robledo case is fabricated

More fake poll dissemination

As has become common in this electoral stage, various accounts continue to spread fake polls, this time benefiting more candidates with alleged voter preference. For instance, Rodrigo Paz, from the Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC), was falsely shown leading with 33.1% in the first national poll by Ipsos Ciesmori, supposedly shared by Unitel.

The account @cap..lara shared this altered image three times, replacing the original result in which Samuel Doria Medina was the actual leader and Rodrigo Paz was in fifth place. [See here]

Rodrigo Paz is not leading the Ipsos Ciesmori and Unitel national poll

After Unitel released its second poll, a false video appeared claiming that results had been leaked, showing Jorge Quiroga Ramírez of Alianza Libre as the leading candidate.

This content, deemed false, was accompanied by the message: “Bolivia, we did it! Unitel poll leaked. The populist bloc disappears and democracy triumphs. Bolivia is now right-wing. Long live freedom, dammit! Tuto or Samuel — one of them will be the president. In the latest poll, both lead. With Tuto in first place, the change in our country is sealed. That destroys the left.”

In the official poll released by Unitel on Sunday, July 13, Quiroga was actually in second place with 18.1%, below Doria Medina with 18.7%. In third place was Andrónico Rodríguez Ledezma (Alianza Popular) with 11.8%, making him the highest-polling left-wing candidate. So, there was no leak of results.

Similarly, the front page of El Deber was doctored to show the message: “Citizen alternative poll from El Búnker confirms rigged polls in Santa Cruz.” This fake image circulated via WhatsApp groups. [See here]

El Deber’s cover manipulated to discredit official polls

In Bolivia, the main polls have been shared by UnitelRed Uno, and El Deber—all of them authorized by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE). According to the TSE’s list, 18 polling firms and 97 media outlets are authorized to carry out and distribute electoral surveys.

Andrónico Rodríguez surrounded by hoaxes

controversial statement brought Andrónico Rodríguez, candidate for Alianza Popular (AP), into the spotlight. On July 8, during his campaign proposal presentation, he claimed that Chilean Senate President Manuel José Ossandónhad told him Chile could grant Bolivia access to the port of Tocopilla.

According to Rodríguez, the offer was conditional upon restoring full diplomatic relations with Chile. However, this statement was deemed false, and the Chilean Senate denied the candidate’s claims. [See here]

Andrónico debunked: Chilean authorities deny offering the Tocopilla port

Rodríguez was also targeted by a manipulated video, in which Unitel anchor Alejandra Fernández announced that he had withdrawn his candidacy. In fact, this misleading video was a clip from an unrelated incident involving Movimiento Tercer Sistema (MTS), which later resolved a legal dispute.

Video taken out of context: Andrónico Rodríguez has not withdrawn from the presidential race

Countdown to the vote

As the elections approach, disinformative accounts have intensified alarmist hoaxes that could impact voter behavior — such as the false claim that one can only vote with a digitalized ID card. Although completely false, this was widely shared in WhatsApp groups.

It is false that a digital ID is required to vote in the August 17 elections

Meanwhile, during the Red Uno debate, Jhonny Fernández Saucedo, mayor of Santa Cruz and candidate for Alianza Fuerza del Pueblo, stated that current lawmakers are running again for seats in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly (ALP)Bolivia Verifica confirmed that 24 senators and deputies are seeking another five-year term. [See here]

It is true that current legislators appear on candidate lists for the 2025 elections

During the third week of JulyTikTok once again emerged as the platform with the highest amount of disinformative content, followed by WhatsApp, according to the Observatory.

Samuel Doria Medina, who leads in voter intention according to authorized polls, was the main target of disinformation.

And one persistent trend remains: fake polls, with manipulated content aimed at favoring particular candidates.

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