ALONSO DE IBAÑEZ: THE CAPTAIN FROM POTOSÍ, LED FIRST LIBERTARIAN REBELLION IN AMERICA IN THE YEAR 1617 | CAPITAN POTOSINO, ENCABEZO PRIMERA REBELIÓN LIBERTARIA DE AMÉRICA EN EL AÑO 1617

By Historia y Leyenda de la Villa Imperial de Potosí – Bolivia:

ALONSO DE IBAÑEZ, THE CAPTAIN FROM POTOSÍ WHO LED THE FIRST LIBERTARIAN REBELLION IN AMERICA IN THE YEAR 1617, 200 YEARS BEFORE THE CRIES FOR LIBERTY OF MANUEL DE ZUDAÑEZ IN THE CITY OF SUCRE OR PEDRO DOMINGO MURILLO IN THE CITY OF LA PAZ. HIS WORDS BEFORE THE BATTLE RESOUNDED: “I SHALL PLANT THE BANNER OF LIBERTY,” WHILE ON HIS SHIELD HE CARRIED A DAGGER DRENCHED IN BLOOD AND THE IMMORTAL WORDS “FOR LIBERTY IT IS SHED”

Birth:

He was born in Tarapaya (Potosí), where his mother, Doña María Ana de Mendoza, gave birth in the presence of her husband, Don Francisco de Ibáñez, both originally from Extremadura (Spain). There, in that peaceful place, a boy was born and taken to the parish curate to be baptized at the font, receiving the name José Alonso. The baptismal record of this child has disappeared because the San Ildefonso lagoon burst on March 26, 1626, its waters destroying the old city of Potosí and the town of Tarapaya, causing the parish archives to vanish.

Education:

José Alonso de Ibáñez received his primary education under the roof of his parental home, showing exceptional talent and marked precocity. For this reason, his parents decided to send him to Spain to study the humanities in Salamanca. With this intellectual preparation, he would later serve the cause of liberty.

Upon returning from Spain and to complete his education in the military arts, which he had loved since childhood, he, endowed with great agility and strength, soon became an excellent swordsman, ranking among the best in the town.

Two Factions: Vascongados and Vicuñas:

In the year 1552, during the viceroyalty of Don Francisco de Borja y Aragón, Prince of Esquilache, a civil war broke out between natives of the Basque provinces of Spain and their compatriots born in Castile, Galicia, Catalonia, Andalusia, and Extremadura. Thus began the formation of two factions: the Vascongados, distinguished by a white scarf worn as a ribbon on their hats, gained control of almost all public offices, oppressing the natives of the land.

The Vicuñas, whose symbol was a vicuña wool hat with a pearly ribbon, formed the truly American and legitimately Creole faction. From the beginning of the struggle, the Creoles sympathized with the Vicuñas and joined their ranks.

Marriage:

After one of the bloodiest incidents, José Alonso de Ibáñez retreated to Ulti, the estate of Don Calixto. There, he fell in love with his extraordinarily beautiful daughter and asked for her hand in marriage. The father of the beautiful Leonor agreed, and the marriage was celebrated with great joy and affection for the young couple.

Assumption of the Corregidor:

Don Rafael Ortiz de Sotomayor, Commander of San Juan and Knight of the Order of Santiago, was appointed Corregidor of the town. For his formal assumption of office, as was customary, great festivities were organized, including an entrance into the main square. Don Alonso de Ibáñez appeared, riding and leading the Vicuñas squadron. He carried a lance in his arm and a shield on which was a dagger with its tip bloodied and an inscription that read: “FOR LIBERTY IT IS SHED.” This was a direct challenge to the Spaniards.

The Vascongados decided once and for all to win or lose and thus challenged the Vicuñas.

Armed and on horseback, their envoys pursued their enemies. Both factions clashed in a horrific battle in the Huayna square, where Ibáñez shouted, “I SHALL PLANT THE BANNER OF LIBERTY,” and close-quarters combat ensued with blades due to the small space.

The Price on the Vicuñas’ Heads:

Corregidor Ortiz de Sotomayor, furious at the Vicuñas’ victory, put a bounty on their heads, offering up to five hundred pesos for each.

Upon hearing this, Alonso de Ibáñez left the Ulti estate and entered the city of Potosí at night, camping in Munaypata to attack the Vascongados at dawn the next day. Informed of this, the corregidor summoned Captain Oyanume and gathered all his forces, which amounted to approximately eight thousand men. They surrounded the Vicuñas, who were sleeping peacefully in their camp, and launched a surprise attack, resulting in a massacre.
Captured were: José Alonso de Ibáñez, Antonio Zapata, Gonzalo de Mena, Mendo, and the ensign Flores.

Once these brave Vicuñas were imprisoned, the authorities proceeded to pass sentence. The crime: “FOR HAVING DELUDED THE GULLIBLE BY PROMISING THE EMANCIPATION OF THESE COLONIES,” and it was read by the Chief Justice of the Imperial City of Potosí, Lic. Pedro de Ibarra.

Death of Don José Alonso de Ibáñez:

Fifteen minutes after the sentence was read, Alonso de Ibáñez, Antonio Zapata, Jorge Moreno, and Gonzalo de Mena were led by the Corregidor’s guard to the Plaza del Gato, where the gallows had been erected for those who gave the First Cry of Liberty in America.

The Plaza del Gato was packed with a huge crowd. Tears of sorrow ran down the faces of some women, who with trembling voices prayed for the souls of those with a saintly ideal. Drumsticks beat against drumheads, a Dominican friar whispered prayers to Christ and gently offered consoling words to the condemned in their final and supreme moment. The bells rang out twice, vibrating through their bronze bodies. It marked two o’clock in the afternoon on May 15, 1617. Alonso de Ibáñez calmly ascended the scaffold. His step was firm; he looked at the executioner, and with a proud, gallant gaze, the epic leader of the Vicuñas sat in the chair of the garrote. Without uttering a single word, as if with his gaze alone he challenged the cowardly enemy, time, and death, he died with courage and became immortal.

“FROM YOU, OH PEOPLE, A SPARK WAS BORN, THAT FIRST WROTE LIBERTY”

May be an image of 1 person and text that says 'POR LA LIBERTAN SE DERRAMA'

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