Modesto Omiste and His Time | Modesto Omiste y su Tiempo

By El Deber:

Written by Carlos Medinacelli, February 1941

What was the environment and historical moment in which don Modesto Omiste was born?

Omiste was born, according to the baptismal record published by his most documented biographer, Luis Subieta Sagárnaga, in June 1840, a time during which two decisive events must be taken into account to understand Omiste’s later actions:

Here is what Luis Subieta Sagárnaga tells us on the matter:
“The glacial trio in this high region was more than enough reason for parents to harbor rightful fears for the delicate existence of their tender offspring; this must have happened to the young spouses Juan Manuel Omiste and María Josefa Tinajeros, who had the joy of seeing themselves reproduced in a beautiful and robust boy, who, just a few hours after birth, was baptized in the Matriz church on June 6th by the parish priest Manuel José Franco, with the name Modesto, and was godfathered at the baptismal font by Manuel Vásquez and Mercedes Caballero.”

Here is the baptismal record:
“I, presbyter José Antonio Ugarte, interim Parish Priest of the Matriz of Potosí, certify to the best of my ability and within the bounds of the law, that in a bound book containing the baptismal records of the parishioners of this Matriz, beginning in the year eighteen thirty-nine and ending in eighteen forty-two, there is a record whose literal wording is as follows:
‘In the year of our Lord eighteen forty, on the sixth of June, I, presbyter Manuel José Franco, interim Rector Priest of this Matriz of Potosí, baptized, anointed with oil and chrism, a newborn whom I named MODESTO, legitimate son of Manuel Omiste and María Josefa Tinajeros, residents of this city; the godfather was Manuel Vásquez, whom I informed of his obligation and spiritual kinship. In witness thereof, I sign.’ (Signed) Manuel J. de Franco.”

As is known, during that time mining in Potosí was in decline, and to this must be added the anarchic state of the militarist government, an era properly described by Alcides Arguedas as the time of the “Barbarian Caudillos.” No one has evoked that era better than Gabriel René Moreno in his biography of Juan Ramón Muñoz Cabrera and in The Massacres of Yáñez.

Omiste received the education typical of that era, but more than its influence, he must have been shaped by the surrounding circumstances. That is why, upon graduating as a lawyer on October 25, 1858, from the University of Chuquisaca, and returning to his native city, he began to take part in public life.

On this, Luis Subieta Sagárnaga writes:
“At 23 years of age, he returned to his beloved bell tower armed with a professional title, crowned by brilliant academic achievements. His talent, diligence, love for youth, impeccable conduct, and handsome appearance soon won him the general admiration of all who knew him, and the appreciation, affection, and respect of all his fellow citizens.”

In the many phases of his public life, Omiste stood out for his initiative and tireless work, but where he truly emerged as a giant of progress and civilization was at the foot of the great colossus where he was born.

In the opinion of the author, Omiste’s highest caliber was shown as a promoter of popular education in Potosí, and thus, we will briefly focus on this aspect.

Omiste the Educator
Regarding his educational work, as the creator and guide of Municipal Instruction, the best source is the monograph by Corsino Rodríguez Quiroga: The Reform of Primary Education in Potosí, 1886.

Apart from his political work—accompanied by that illustrious patriciate of Potosí, the most outstanding to date: Quijarro, Berríos, Pedro H. Vargas, Manzano, Demetrio Calvimonte, etc.—he played a decisive role during critical moments in the country’s political life. But Omiste’s personality shines most purely as an apostle of popular education and as the driving force and supporter of Potosí’s culture.

As a writer, in addition to his persistent journalistic work in El Tiempo, he primarily cultivated the historical and didactic genres and published cultural pamphlets. Yet, it is fair to say that more than a writer, he was a man of action.

The most creative aspect of his social work was educational. Thus, his contemporary Eduardo Subieta accurately called him “Apostle of the People” and “the Bolivian Sarmiento.”

Although Omiste did not reach the national stature of a Santa Cruz or Linares—for he focused his efforts more on his homeland than the national stage—his work deserves Bolivia’s gratitude. His efforts, carried out in an environment and era that were far from favorable for the emergence of a great personality, are worthy of being pointed to as an Exemplary Life.

Exemplary Life
In Omiste, we find virtues that are rare in Bolivia: devotion to an ideal that became his mission—popular education; perseverance in effort; tenacity against setbacks; the esprit de suite, as the French say, or the “holy continuity” that Eugenio D’Ors mentions. A common virtue in nations like England or Germany, but rare in Bolivia—thus an exception. Such as Arce, the man of the roads; Quijarro, “Doctor Otuquis”; Omiste, the man of the schools.

Every madman has his obsession, so goes the saying. It also applied to a good knight from La Mancha, Alonso Quijano the Good: Arce believed Bolivia’s progress depended on good roads; Quijarro foresaw that without channeling the Otuquis we would lose our access to the Atlantic; Omiste held that we would never cease to be slaves until we learned to make ourselves free through culture.

To that end, he devoted his life. He therefore created, guided, and supported the Municipal Schools, the best organized in Bolivia at the time and a model for other departments. For that reason, in his El Tiempo press, he published every textbook needed; he wrote many himself; and in collaboration with his colleagues, published the Monograph of Potosí, the first in the country; he collected the scattered Potosí Traditions. Without his diligence, they would be lost today.

His personality was multifaceted. Due to the scarcity of capable leaders in his environment, he had to take on many roles as demanded by the urgent needs and the people’s push for progress: involvement in the judiciary, finance, religious matters and charity, the military, and local, national, and international politics; acting both as a defender of mining causes and a professor of vastly different subjects such as Natural Sciences and History; simultaneously writing his own works, publishing those of others, and promoting every good cause needed in Potosí at the time.

Yet within this multifaceted activity, what gives unity to his work, life, and character is the trait highlighted by Eduardo Subieta: that of “apostle of the people’s education.”

It cannot be said that Omiste was a great man of action in a small setting, but rather a man with the will to build in a town that had fallen into vegetative apathy. He wanted to build for his people. But the popular sentiment—by historical fate—had awakened a dormant love of ruins…

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