The Padilla-Azurduy Couple | Los esposos Padilla-Azurduy

By JORGE GUILLERMO CALVO AYAVIRI (*), Correo del Sur:

May 25 is also the date of the death of Juana, the guerrilla of the Americas.

May 2025 is coming to an end, but we cannot remain indifferent to two historical events of a biographical nature that for many years have been cloaked in oblivion and neglect by the authorities.

Today is a fitting occasion to reclaim those dates, which are recorded in the parish archives of the ecclesiastical jurisdictions of the Archdiocese of La Plata and date back to the 18th and 19th centuries.

We recall testimonies of the patriot Manuel Ascencio Padilla and the heroine Juana Azurduy de Padilla referring to the marriage of these guerrilla fighters, recorded in the parish of San Miguel de Muru Muru (today, Ravelo) on May 19, 1799, while the horsewoman passed away in the city of Sucre on May 25, 1862.

The departments of Potosí and Chuquisaca should have an updated historical calendar to commemorate these and other events, so they can be disseminated, since in 73 days we will be commemorating the Bicentennial of the birth of the Republic of Bolivia—that is, the glorious date of August 6, 1825, a remarkable event that took place in Sucre.

It is worth recalling that 26 years ago, when the bicentennial of the religious marriage of Padilla and Azurduy (May 19, 1799–1999) was commemorated, at that time, the full member of the Geographic and Historical Society of Sucre, priest Valentín Manzano Castro, proposed holding a solemn tribute in Sucre and in the parish of San Miguel de Moro Moro (today, Ravelo) to highlight the importance of this religious event. Unfortunately, it did not receive the necessary support.

In contrast, when the first centenary of the heroine’s death (May 25, 1862–1962) was commemorated, it was different. On the contrary, biographical works were published, especially in magazines, bulletins, newspapers, and literary supplements of the national press.

THEY MUST BE PERPETUATED

Two momentous events in the life of Juana Azurduy are remembered each May: her marriage, blessed on May 19, 1799, by Licenciado Don Cristóbal Salguero, curate lieutenant and vicar of the Benefice of San Miguel de Moro Moro, and 63 years after marrying Manuel Asencio Padilla Gallardo, her death, which occurred in Sucre on May 25, 1862. The funeral Mass was celebrated by the parish priest of San Sebastián, Bernardo Campero.

Last Monday the 19th and today, Sunday, May 25, we commemorate the 226th (CCXXVI) anniversary of their wedding and the 163rd (CLXIII) anniversary of her death.

In this way, the History Program of the Faculty of Law, Political, and Social Sciences of the University of San Francisco Xavier of Chuquisaca redeems the glorious memory of Juana Azurduy de Padilla, ‘symbol woman, omen woman, mother woman, glory woman, hope woman, paradigm woman; in short, the one chosen by Glory,’ and the distinguished leader Manuel Asencio Padilla, both key figures in the epic struggle for emancipation in Charcas.

GUARDIAN ARCHIVES

Researchers are notably present in various repositories that have safeguarded documentary memory from the late 16th to the 20th century. In the country’s capital, experienced researchers visit the National Archives and Library of Bolivia, the Archives and Library of the Geographic and Historical Society of Sucre (under the care of the Casa de la Libertad), the Archdiocesan Archives-Library Monsignor Miguel de los Santos Taborga, and the Historical Documentary Bibliographic Center of the University of San Francisco Xavier.

In a piece published in the now-defunct Catholic newspaper Presencia (La Paz, July 12, 1980), historian and professor at the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Teodosio Imaña Castro, referring to the investigation of documentary resources in Bolivian and foreign archives and the War of Independence, stated:

“(…) The history of the sixteen years of struggle led by all those paradigms of heroism is yet to be written. Our Bolivian history textbooks are mostly insufficient and overly generalizing, and lack rigorous scholarly support. There will come a day, we hope, when, once repositories of sources are properly ordered and systematized, the brilliant History of our War of Independence will emerge, backed by scientific rigor (…).”

The Hall of Honor at the Rectorate of the University of San Francisco Xavier, appropriately, bears the name of the distinguished horsewoman of the Americas, Juana Azurduy de Padilla, in recognition of her outstanding role during the War of Independence.

Both Sucre and other cities have honored the names of the leader and the horsewoman by naming streets, plazas, squares, and educational institutions after them.

Father Jhonny Condori (left), parish priest of San Miguel de Moro Moro-Ravelo, with the author of this article.

MARRIAGE RECORD

Manuel Asencio Padilla and Juana Azurduy
Parish of San Miguel de Moro Moro, today Ravelo

In the margin:
            Asencio Padilla.
            Spaniard.
            Married and blessed
            With Juana Azurduy

In the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred ninety-nine, on the nineteenth of May, having published the three banns on three feast days, namely: the first on Sunday the eighth, the second on the thirteenth, and the third on the day of Saint Isidore the Laborer, and with the required freedom confirmed by three witnesses—Don Patricio Plaza, Don Leandro Saavedra, and Don Manuel Churrugurín, Spaniards from this town and of age—and with no impediments having arisen, I, Licenciado Don Cristóbal Salguero, Curate Lieutenant and Vicar of this Benefice of San Miguel de Moro Moro, solemnly joined in marriage by present words, after mutual consent was expressed, Don Asencio Padilla, Spaniard, single, native of this Doctrina, legitimate son of Don Melchor Padilla and Doña Eugenia Gallardo, with Doña Juana Azurduy, Spaniard, single, native of this city of La Plata, legitimate daughter of Don Isidro Azurduy and Doña Juliana Llanos. Witnesses to this marriage were Don Vicente Camargo and his wife Doña Nicolasa Acosta. And I blessed them during the celebration of Mass according to the rite of our Holy Mother Church. And for the record, I sign…

DEATH RECORD

Juana Azurduy
Parish of San Sebastián – Sucre

In the margin:
Juana Azurduy de Padilla
Fca. 1 ps

In the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred sixty-two, on the twenty-fifth of May, died in her home and with the Communion of Our Holy Mother Church, from swelling, Doña Juana Azurduy de Padilla, over eighty years of age, widow of Colonel Padilla, resident of this Parish. Before dying, she received all the necessary holy sacraments and, after the rites were prayed with a low cross, she was buried in the General Cemetery of this city. Burial fee of one peso. For the record, I sign. Bernardo Campero.

DATES TO BE REMEMBERED

It is very important to commemorate the birth, baptism, marriage, and death of the Padilla-Azurduy couple—statistical data drawn from the records of documents found in each parish book, recorded and glossed by a priest, whether in an urban or rural parish.

The dates in this chart should be taken into account by the authorities:

MANUEL ASENCIO PADILLA GALLARDO
Birth: Chipirina, Ravelo, 28-IX-1774 (251 years remembered)
Baptism: Muru Muru, Ravelo, 28-IX-1775 (250 years remembered)
Marriage: Muru Muru, Ravelo, 19-V-1799 (226 years remembered)
Death: El Villar, 14-IX-1816 (209 years remembered)

JUANA AZURDUY LLANOS
Birth: La Plata, 26-I-1780 (245 years remembered)
Baptism: Tarabuco, 26-III-1780 (245 years remembered)
Marriage: Muru Muru, Ravelo, 19-III-1799 (226 years remembered)
Death: Sucre, 25-V-1862 (163 years remembered)


(*) Guillermo Calvo A. is a professor in the History Program at the University of San Francisco Xavier of Chuquisaca.

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