THE PULPERÍAS: ONE OF THE CAUSES OF COMIBOL’S BANKRUPTCY? | LAS PULPERIAS: ¿UNA DE LAS CAUSAS DE LA QUIEBRA DE COMIBOL?

By Tuja Project, Facebook:

(From the book: “Images of the Industrial Revolution”, edited by Pascale Absi and Jorge Pavez O.)

Through the pulperías, mining companies supplied their workers with food and basic necessities at prices below market rates. It was a way to recover part of the workers’ wages, since they in fact spent up to 80% of their pay there.
The credit extended was also a way to stabilize the labor force, keeping it captive through debt.
The pulpería is a powerful symbol of the old labor regime and also of COMIBOL’s collapse. Miners and former miners speak at length when commenting on this photo (which accompanies this publication):

[Víctor Alcaraz]
“There’s the pulpería. In COMIBOL, there were four items with fixed prices. And it wasn’t even meant for eating, you know—they sold bread at the pulpería window, sold rice, sold sugar. In the canteens they sold boots, or underground mine gear. Because the administrator didn’t care as long as the engineer signed off… ‘Send ten sacks of nitrate up top,’ just as an example. The order came ready… ‘take out ten sacks.’
So then inside, in the mine, they would handle this material differently, they sold it to the q’aqchas. That’s why people would say: ‘Does it belong to the government?’
For example, we’d hire a laborer to drill, and he wouldn’t load the charge, so we’d say: ‘What happened with you? Why did you waste this material?… Does it belong to the government, we’d say, for you to waste it like that?’”

[Francisca Gómez]
“There was a cheap pulpería, a subsidy on four items—meat, bread, sugar, and shoes for the kids—and mine equipment was practically free, they didn’t pay for it. But what did the wives do? They’d take, say, five kilos of meat, ten kilos, and sell it in the streets. And there were stores where there were fabrics, clothing, shoes… Shoes always, every year, for their children’s parade—they’d pick up a dozen, from the smallest size to the largest, for their husband, for the wife. And what did the wives do? They resold them. And with that, they preferred to get drunk. Sometimes they didn’t even want to work—what did they do? They went to sign their time cards and went back home to get drunk. The next day, another time card, and they’d come back. COMIBOL went bankrupt because of that. They didn’t work conscientiously. In COMIBOL, starting with the top guys, the union leaders, they were stealing from COMIBOL.”

PHOTO: Pulpería, Oruro (1925)

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