Scientific project will help restore identity to the mummies | Proyecto científico contribuirá a restituir identidad de las momias

By Edwin Conde Villarreal, El Diario:

National Museum of Archaeology

  • The facial reconstruction of mummies will restore the identity of pre-Hispanic inhabitants of the Bolivian highlands, according to an announcement made by Bolivian researcher Guido Valverde.
The mummies date from the Late Intermediate Period (1100–1450 AD), after Tiwanaku, and come from the Carangas region in Oruro.

An interdisciplinary scientific project that includes the facial reconstruction of several individuals from the mummy collection at the National Museum of Archaeology (Munarq) will restore the identity of pre-Hispanic inhabitants of the Bolivian highlands, with the participation and consensus of current residents of the region’s communities, who will decide whether to “bring their ancestors into the present.”

The announcement was made by Bolivian researcher Guido Valverde of the Institute for Mummy Studies at Eurac Research in Bolzano, Italy. “We’re going to organize a meeting in Oruro with the Apu Mallkus, or traditional leaders of Carangas, so they can consult with their communities to decide if they agree to participate. They have the final say, because most of the 50 mummies at Munarq come from that highland region of Bolivia,” he revealed.

“Facial representations as a tool for the ethical museographic dissemination of pre-Hispanic human remains in Bolivia” is the project jointly developed by the National Museum of Archaeology, the Ministry of Cultures, the Institute for Mummy Studies – Eurac Research, and Face Lab at Liverpool John Moores University in England.

The human remains are being studied by experts from various fields (archaeology, conservation, genetics, anthropology) to understand the history of the people and their world before European colonization.

Regarding the age of Munarq’s mummy collection (50 complete and incomplete individuals and more than 500 skulls with cranial deformation and trepanation), the expert explained that based on dating of 15 individuals through the Mummies of Bolivia project, they were found to belong to the Late Intermediate Period (approximately between 1000 A.D. and 1450 A.D.), that is, after Tiwanaku.

Valverde believes that since several international institutions are involved, the act of decolonization is very important, “which is why the goal is not to impose, but rather to offer a service to the local population, because ethically, for example, when working with DNA studies, communities must be asked for their consent, since they are ultimately the heirs of that cultural heritage.”

FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION

Italian forensic artist Viviana Conti of Face Lab at Liverpool John Moores University will carry out the facial reconstructions as part of the Mummies of Bolivia project. She will initially work on individuals who have been analyzed through CT scans, and with additional available data, she will be able to achieve the most accurate approximation of what pre-Hispanic faces looked like.

“The focus is mainly on the communities because respecting the will of the local people is very important,” stated the Italian expert. She noted that there is no existing database for soft tissue thickness in Bolivian faces, so photographs of Bolivian individuals, especially from the communities, will be taken to complete the identity restoration of the mummies.

The greater the number of photos collected from individuals, the more possible it will be to reconstruct the faces of the mummified remains selected from the Munarq collection.

“All scientific knowledge is valuable and scientific dissemination is important, as it shows how the faces of ancient people looked. But since several institutions around the world are collaborating, the decolonial perspective of this research is not to impose but to reach agreements with rural communities,” said Conti, who has also reconstructed faces of mummies from Egypt.

She invited Bolivian citizens to have their photos taken at Munarq to be part of the project by joining a database that will support the facial reconstruction of pre-Hispanic inhabitants of the Bolivian highlands. “We invite you to be part of this scientific research, it will only take 10 minutes. Your photos will not be published and will only be used privately by the researchers,” she added. (CienciaBolivia)

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