A Bolivian “zombie” volcano continues to show signs of life | Un volcán “zombi” de Bolivia sigue mostrando signos de vida

By DW, Los Tiempos:

The Uturuncu volcano, located near the border with Argentina. | DW

The Uturuncu volcano is classified as a “zombie” because its last eruption occurred thousands of years ago. Now, scientists have documented an increase in its activity. What does this mean for people living in the area?

A team of researchers has studied the possible threat of a “zombie” volcano, previously declared “dead,” but which continues to show signs of activity, although not enough to erupt, according to a study published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Uturuncu is a volcano located in the Central Andes of Bolivia, informally referred to by scientists as a “zombie volcano,” since its last eruption was over 250,000 years ago.

Zombie volcanoes “are a kind of unique beasts, but they’re not entirely uncommon,” explained geophysicist Matthew Pritchard in a statement from Cornell University (USA).

Neither “dead” nor “extinct”

However, the increased seismic activity in the area and the release of gas plumes have shown that the volcano is neither “dead” nor “extinct,” although there’s no strict definition on this matter, according to the science website IFL Science.

“When people look at volcanoes, they think: ‘Oh, if it’s not going to erupt, we don’t care.’ But in reality, volcanoes that seem dead on the surface aren’t dead underneath,” Pritchard adds.

Activity at Uturuncu

In light of the increase in volcanic activity and the growing concern of local residents, scientists decided to find out how “alive” Uturuncu is and whether it could erupt anytime soon.

After analyzing data from more than 1,700 earthquakes in the area, the researchers mapped the plumbing system beneath the volcano and also noticed that the ground around the volcano is sinking.

Water and steam rising to the surface

The results reveal a shallow hydrothermal system, with hot water slowly rising outward. Additionally, beneath the crater there is a reservoir where gas accumulates, pushing the surface upward at a rate of 1 centimeter per year.

“The methods in this study could be applied to more than 1,400 potentially active volcanoes and dozens of volcanoes like Uturuncu that are not considered active but show signs of life,” Pritchard said in another statement from the University of Oxford (UK).

According to IFL Science, there are many other “zombie” volcanoes on Earth. Many of them “sleep” for thousands of years and suddenly “wake up” violently. Some examples include Mount St. Helens in the United States, which was dormant between 11,000 and 4,000 years ago, or Yellowstone, whose last lava flow was about 70,000 years ago.

An economic opportunity

For now, scientists rule out the possibility of an Uturuncu eruption, “although some neighboring volcanoes might erupt,” Pritchard warns.

Additionally, scientists seem interested in the potential formation of minerals resulting from volcanic activity, such as copper, which could bring economic benefits.

“There are still processes underway. And the processes at Uturuncu are particularly interesting because they tell us about the fluids and gases moving around there, which could become, or maybe already are, a reservoir of minerals that could be useful for technology,” the expert adds.

“Even though we’re not really concerned about this particular volcano erupting in the next few years, we can observe the processes in real time that could lead to that. Clearly, there is underground activity that could even, at some point, be economically useful,” Pritchard emphasizes.

Edited by Jose Urrejola, with information from Science Alert, University of Oxford, Cornell University, IFLScience, and PNAS.

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