MYOPIA: HE RAN INTO CHINA! | MIOPÍA: ¡SE TOPÓ CON CHINA!

By Oscar Antezana Malpartida:

For decades, China has been the world’s factory, where increasingly automated and high-tech production chains manufacture everything from household goods and footwear to electronics, raw materials for construction, appliances, and solar panels. These factories meet the demand of U.S. and global consumers for affordable goods, but they have also fueled a massive trade deficit. China has also strengthened its supply chains of rare earth elements and other critical minerals, enhanced its manufacturing technology with AI and humanoid robots, and increased its advanced technological capabilities, including semiconductors. Many products from China cannot be quickly replaced, which will raise prices in the U.S., possibly for years, until new factories are built. This could mean a tax increase for Americans of about $860 billion before substitutions (JP Morgan).

The key to Trump’s, at least temporary, defeat lies in the fact that the rest of the world is not engaged in a tariff war with each other—only with the U.S. Europe has not imposed levies on Asia and vice versa. In Europe, Brazil, Turkey, and elsewhere, Samsung suddenly became much more appealing than an iPhone, and Chinese cars or European EVs would be even cheaper than a Tesla. Nothing illustrates this better than Musk’s company. Trump’s tariffs made it the king of the industry, as it manufactures its vehicles in the U.S., unlike its competitors. But the retaliations that followed began writing the company’s epitaph. U.S. sales represent 35% of Tesla’s total, but the other 65% mostly comes from China and Europe (32% and 25% respectively).

Currently, the United States needs Chinese exports more than China needs the U.S. market. China has large savings and could easily adapt to this trade war, redirecting many of its products to internal consumption (WSJ). Since the U.S. economy relies heavily on Chinese sources for vital goods (pharmaceutical supplies, cheap electronic chips, critical minerals), it was extremely reckless not to secure alternative suppliers or sufficient domestic production before disrupting trade. By doing it in reverse, the administration is causing precisely the kind of harm it claims to want to prevent. “De-Americanization” could gradually advance around the globe. In the short term, everyone loses, of course. After all, the U.S. is the main market for many of the world’s products. It is the main one, but it represents less than 30% of the world. China, Japan, Europe, or Korea will try to place their goods elsewhere—something the U.S. won’t be able to do due to its “universal” trade war. Moreover, in some cases, these countries will try to gain market share at the expense of now more expensive U.S. products.

Logic would suggest that the most likely scenario would be to make peace with Europe and the so-called “Western” world, usually including Japan, Australia, and perhaps South Korea, and keep up the fight with China and Southeast Asia. Trump needs to protect his image as a successful “bully” and show evidence that his tariffs have had some positive effect. That won’t be easy. Most likely, there will be compromises with half-baked protectionism, varying by product and region. Countries and companies will approach Washington to strike deals and secure exemptions, exemptions, and special conditions. How much, how, and who—no one knows. “This lays the groundwork for corruption” (Washington Post). It adds, “These tariff negotiations will inevitably result in a cascade of corruption. The U.S. economy is shifting from being the world’s leading free market to the main example of crony capitalism.”

That was the intent of President Obama’s administration: a free trade bloc, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), large enough to force China to change its trade practices as a condition of entry. Trump scrapped this trade deal on the first day of his first term with an executive order. Now, the U.S. Treasury Secretary has said he aims to strike a trade deal with allies and approach China “as a group.” But now that he’s bullied his allies and reneged on previous agreements, the U.S. will find them less willing to cooperate. However, if trade partners suspect the U.S. is committed to protectionism, why would they offer concessions?

From the U.S., with love: a fabulous gift to the Chinese leader

Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, spoke with Chinese Premier Li Qiang shortly after Trump’s tariffs were imposed, and a summit between the EU and China has been scheduled for July. Meanwhile, the EU and China agreed last week to resume talks to resolve a dispute over Chinese electric vehicle imports, which the bloc had placed tariffs on a few months earlier.
Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney summarized the global mood: “Our former relationship of ever-deepening integration with the U.S. is over.” Pointing to the end of an 80-year period of U.S. economic leadership, Mr. Carney added, “While this is a tragedy, it is also the new reality.” Even if all the tariffs were dismantled, the memory of Liberation Day will linger in the mind of any company building a supply chain.
It remains difficult for the U.S. to avoid a recession. The supply chain repercussions stemming from a sudden disruption of Chinese imports, the blow to confidence, and the ongoing political chaos in the U.S. are real.

Leave a comment