THE ART OF THE 90-DAY TARIFF PAUSE | EL ARTE DE LA PAUSA ARANCELARIA DE 90 DÍAS

By Oscar Antezana Malpartida:

Weeks ago, Trump presented a bleak picture of the U.S., portraying it as a country economically exploited, as a pretext for his tariff policy. But the reality is quite different. The true economic story of the last three decades is that the U.S. has far outpaced all its main competitors. In 2008, the U.S. economy was roughly the same size as the eurozone’s; now, it is nearly double. In 1990, the average wage was about 20% higher than the general average in the advanced industrial world; now it is approximately 40% higher. What is Trump talking about? In fact, he fails to realize that it is the economic power of the U.S. that allows it to intimidate the world—this time with massive tariffs. Moreover, it is those very tariffs that could, and increasingly are likely to, contribute to America’s decline.

The art of the 90-day tariff pause

Trump appeared confident and assured in his tariff measures, declaring a “Liberation Day” and saying “I know what the hell I’m doing” (press conferences broadcast by CNN and several other channels). “My policies will never change.” He believed he could get away with it. Unfortunately for him, once the bluff was not taken seriously, doubling down only worsened his position because the world responded in kind. His strategy didn’t work. A few days later, he had no choice but to state: “You have to be flexible.” But Trump didn’t hold firm for even a week and was the first to give in to everyone. On the third “Liberation Day,” the U.S. president had to face the fact that he was steering the country—and with it, the global economy—toward a recession. The last straw was the blow to U.S. Treasury securities. These financial instruments are globally considered risk-free assets, a safe haven. The chaos triggered by Trump was so severe that holders began to sell and to demand, through the market, increasingly higher returns. With trillions (in U.S. nomenclature) in debt to refinance, this was an unexpected setback that would balloon the fiscal deficit due to higher interest payments, in addition to weakening the dollar (which was also trading lower). China alone held over $690 billion in bonds. What’s more, the U.S. has benefited for decades from net international investment inflows, allowing it to take on more spending and debt with cheap financing. Trump’s decisions recklessly threaten to break that financial advantage and reveal a weak side of the dollar.

Thus, the Trump administration declared a partial 90-day truce on tariff imposition, except with China, to halt the downward trend. Certainly, this move weakened Trump’s negotiating position—precisely what he wanted to avoid. Regarding China, and in an attempt to save face, Trump told the press that “China wants to make a deal, but doesn’t know how to.” But the arrogant response was not long in coming. President Xi Jinping stated that “since no one in China will be buying American products now, no further retaliation will be necessary. If the U.S. continues imposing tariffs, the Chinese side will not pay attention.” Trump has suspended most of his tariffs without gaining anything in return, and his negotiating stance is now somewhat weakened. Uncertainty remains. No one knows when deals will be reached or what they will contain. Given Trump’s instability and erratic decision-making process, it’s also impossible to guarantee that any agreements will be upheld. All this uncertainty is bad for the economy; it discourages investment and consumption. Part of the economic damage cannot be fixed by a partial, temporary truce, despite the initial stock market euphoria. The risk of a financial crisis was even beginning to emerge, as pointed out by former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers, for which Trump would have been directly responsible.

Such is the shortsightedness of Trump’s reckless agenda that in just ten days, the President dismantled the old certainties that underpinned the world economy, replacing them with extraordinary levels of volatility and confusion. Perhaps part of the chaos has subsided for now. But rebuilding what was lost will take a long time. He has replaced the stable trade relationships the U.S. spent more than half a century building with capricious and arbitrary policies. Trump has reversed that sense of trust because his tariffs have disregarded previous U.S. trade agreements, including those signed during his first term. During this 90-day pause and negotiation period, Trump would aim to ask over 70 involved countries to ban China from shipping goods through their territories, to prevent Chinese companies from setting up operations within their borders to avoid U.S. tariffs, and not to absorb cheap Chinese industrial goods into their economies. These measures would seek to undermine China’s relatively weak economy and force Beijing to come to the negotiating table with less leverage before potential talks between Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping. His goal of obtaining concessions from other countries while bringing manufacturing jobs back home would contradict each other. If tariffs are reduced, reshoring will not happen.

(Read the next article about the potential impact on world economies.)

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