Brazil nut harvesting in Bolivia depends on the preservation of 87,000 km² of forests | Recolección de castaña en Bolivia depende de la preservación de 87.000 km² de bosques

By Noelia Molina, ANA; Erbol:

BENI AND PANDO: PRODUCING REGIONS

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Since the 1990s, Bolivia has established itself as the world’s leading exporter of Brazil nuts, thanks to private investment in certification laboratories and the integration of its product into international markets such as Europe and the United States. Currently, the harvesting of this Amazonian nut depends on the preservation of 87,000 square kilometers (km²) of forests.

However, this growth raises questions about its impact on the conservation of the Amazon ecosystem and the quality of life of local communities.

Growth in Exports

According to data from the National Institute of Statistics (INE), Brazil nut exports experienced a remarkable increase, reaching $175.8 million between January and November 2024, representing a 69% rise compared to the $104.2 million recorded during the same period the previous year. This growth is attributed to increased production and higher international demand for this Amazonian product.

The regions of Beni and Pando stand out as pillars of the Bolivian economy due to their Brazil nut production and exports. This sector not only generates foreign revenue and employment for thousands of families but also promotes the conservation of tropical forests through sustainable practices. The high quality of Bolivian Brazil nuts, internationally recognized, positions them as the third most important non-traditional export product in the country, solidifying Bolivia as a global leader in this market.

Brazil Nuts and Forest Conservation

Brazil nut harvesting in Bolivia is directly linked to the preservation of 87,000 km² of Amazonian forest, representing between 6% and 7% of the country’s total area. This model of sustainable use has allowed large forest areas to remain intact, benefiting both biodiversity and local communities, which are primarily composed of campesinos and Indigenous peoples. Additionally, preserving these forests contributes to carbon sequestration, a key factor in mitigating climate change.

To assess the ecosystem’s health, biodiversity monitoring systems have been implemented in protected areas of the Pando department. Using camera traps and acoustic sensors, the presence of key species such as the jaguar has been confirmed, indicating a healthy ecosystem. “We need to incorporate technology to verify that these forests remain healthy through Brazil nut harvesting,” says Daniel Larrea, director of the Amazonian Conservation Science and Technology Program (ACEAA).

Impact on Local Communities

For communities in the Amazon region, Brazil nuts account for between 50% and 60% of their annual income. However, the commercialization system presents inequalities. While processing companies in Riberalta and Cobija earn high profits, harvesters rely on intermediaries who purchase the raw material at fluctuating prices.

“There are asymmetries in the distribution of benefits, and although Brazil nuts continue to sustain the local economy, much work remains to be done to ensure fairer commercialization,” Larrea points out.

Brazil nuts are harvested directly from the Amazon rainforest and are an essential part of the diet and economies of local communities.

Challenges and Strategies for the Future

Despite its growth, the Brazil nut industry in Bolivia faces challenges in ensuring its sustainability. One key issue is the management of resource use, as communities continue to grow and new generations require access to productive areas.

Currently, land ownership in Pando is managed communally, with family plots ranging from 300 to 500 hectares. This system has allowed for internal regulation of harvesting, but its stability remains fragile due to the expansion of other productive activities, such as açaí harvesting.

To strengthen the industry’s sustainability, Larrea emphasizes the need for public policies that regulate access and benefit distribution, as well as the promotion of certification and traceability mechanisms to ensure that Bolivian Brazil nuts remain synonymous with quality and sustainability in international markets.

Balancing economic growth with conservation remains a challenge, but with the right strategies, Bolivia could consolidate a resource management model that protects its forests while improving the livelihoods of those who depend on them.

ANA

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