Potosí: more inhabitants than London, Madrid or Paris | más habitantes que Londres, Madrid o Paris

Juan José Toro Montoya, El Potosi:

Potosí had over 200,000 inhabitants during the colonial period

The figures of 120,000 and 160,000 inhabitants from the censuses of Toledo and Nestares Marín were below the reality.

It is frequently repeated that Potosí was one of the most populous cities in the world during the colonial period. This was determined from the census data that rulers used to assess how many people they could tax.

The census ordered by the Viceroy of Peru, Francisco de Toledo, resulted in Potosí having an approximate population of 120,000 inhabitants, a number greater than even the largest cities in Europe at that time, such as London, Madrid, and Paris.

However, these figures did not reveal the true population of Potosí. One piece of evidence is the report of the Jerónimo priest Diego de Ocaña in the year 1600.

Ocaña arrived at the Imperial Villa on July 18, 1600, and stayed for 14 months. During that time, he was able to review the records of the parishes and, based on that, he wrote the following:

“There are registered in the parishes of Potosí two hundred thousand souls of only Indians, without the Spaniards.”

This indicates that, by that time, there were more than 200,000 people in Potosí.

“In the year 1650, another census was carried out by the president of La Plata, Don Francisco Nestares Marín, and one hundred and sixty thousand residents were counted,” wrote Bartolomé Arzáns.

The data were incorrect for one reason: those registered provided false information to pay fewer taxes, so in Potosí, we always had population figures below the real number.

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