1904: THE FIRST AUTOMOBILE IN BOLIVIA | EL PRIMER AUTOMOVIL EN BOLIVIA

Miguel Salas Aguilar:

1904 / 1944: THE “CHAUCHEROS” (Part two. History of transportation in Oruro)

1904, THE FIRST AUTOMOBILE IN BOLIVIA

Don Rene Canelas recounts: “In 1904, the first cars, the first automobiles, arrived from the United States by Mr. Jesús Aguayo. Their small plates read ‘SPECIAL CARRIAGE’ ‘MANUFACTURED EXCLUSIVELY FOR MR. J. AGUAYO. UNDER HIS INSTRUCTIONS, CINCINNATI, OHIO, USA,” they were from the NOX factory, one type TUXEDO and another type diligence, for passengers.

The automobiles were intended for Cochabamba, but upon reaching Oruro – our chronicler relates – a bet was made, where Arturo Posnansky bet 5,000 Bs, that he would beat a diligence, with the AUTOMOBILE winning the bet, with Mr. Moíses Ascarrunz, the then prefect of Oruro, as witness… the “horseless carriage” ENTERED the city of La Paz, amidst the excitement of its citizens who saw for the FIRST TIME SUCH A STRANGE DEVICE arriving from Oruro.

1917, THE FIRST ‘CHAUCHERO’

The first passenger transport, ancestor of the so-called GONDOLAS or BUSES, was Mr. JULIO VILLALPANDO, a mining industrialist from Challapata, who, thanks to the mining buoy of his mines ‘Terremoto’ and ‘Electra’ in Challapata, IMPORTED THE FIRST TRUCKS TO BOLIVIA with a capacity of 4 tons brand ‘MORELAND’, arrived from Antofagasta in 1917, he also received THE FIRST TWO BUSES of two and a half tons (to replace the transport mules).

The two buses were put into service in ORURO, DEDICATED to passenger transport to be used only on SUNDAYS from the MODEL QUARTER (today Camacho) to the 10 DE FEBRERO SQUARE (the truck cost £1,060 and the two buses £1,300), a fortune in STERLING POUNDS. The BUSES were convertible, meaning that the seats and awnings were removed for a capacity of 20 passengers, with the FARE BEING 5 CENTS, hence the people called them ‘CHAUCHERO’ because the smallest coin was called ‘chaucha’ (from which the word chauchite, or chauchitar, is also derived, referring to the smallest).

1944, THE FIRST ‘CHAUCHERO’ BUILT IN ORURO

It was in the year 1944, when the skilled mechanics and bus drivers of that time, Mr. José La Torre and Jorge Cueto Rojas R., used and reconditioned the CHASSIS OF A FORD TRUCK, to build a BODY for a capacity of ’45 seated and 20 standing’, the technical inspection of the engine and brakes was favorable, and it entered service that November.

Inside, some boards served as seats, where passengers accommodated themselves as they could in the only transportation service: “The elastic woods of the gondola, the skirts, the baskets, the faces of the girls, the books of the schoolchildren contain deep teachings about the value of movements, about their fatal physical languages. Possibly Albert Einstein imagined many aspects of his theory of relativity inside a gondola.”

/ The initial cost was 5 CENTS from the Barracks to the main square.

/ The end, this nice story has finished.

M. Salas A.

Source: Magazine of the Society of History and Geography of Oruro, 1949. I thank Maurice Cazorla who provided me with the photo of this magazine.

Newspaper NOTICIAS, several years consulted (1937 to 1944)

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