211 Years Since the Battle of La Florida | 211 años de la batalla de La Florida

By Marcelo Añez Mayer*  Ideas Textuales; Eju.tv:

As some of you may know, 211 years ago, on May 25, 1814, within the framework of the American War of Independence, a very important battle was fought here in Santa Cruz, Bolivia: the Battle of La Florida. The town of Florida is located about 70 km southeast of Samaipata. A river also called Florida used to flow through the town. That river now appears dry on Google Maps, but at the time it must have carried considerable water and likely flowed into the Río Grande, about 30 km to the east.

The patriot victory achieved at the Battle of La Florida under the leadership of the Argentinians Arenales and Warnes was so important at the time that, in its honor, the Directory of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata decided to name one of Buenos Aires’ most emblematic streets after it: Florida Street, which later became the well-known pedestrian promenade, Peatonal Florida.

In 1913, the writer from Santa Cruz, José Vázquez-Machicado, spoke with the respected gentleman, already elderly by then, Trifón Cuellar—a businessman who had lived many years in the Cordillera province and had interacted with the soldiers Vaca, Pedraza, and Melgar, survivors of the Battle of Florida. Many years later, José Vázquez-Machicado put that valuable oral testimony into writing. Thus was born the account, “The Battle of La Florida as Told by Three Soldiers.”

Staying true to the testimonies, Vázquez-Machicado recounts that Arenales and Warnes tasked José Manuel “El Colorao” Mercado, in command of 25 or 30 soldiers, with staging a diversionary encounter against Blanco’s royalist troops at La Paliza, about 25 kilometers from Florida. The plan was for Mercado’s detachment to fire a few shots, pretend to be defeated, and flee toward Florida, where the main patriot forces of Arenales and Warnes would be waiting for Blanco’s royalists. That is exactly what happened.

The plan was to ambush the royalists on the banks of the Florida River, just a few meters from the town. During the preparations in Florida, Warnes saw a Guaraní soldier dig a hole in the sand and get inside it (a personal trench), and he instructed his infantrymen to do the same. With this tactic, Warnes and Arenales surprised Blanco’s cavalry as it entered Florida. Caught off guard, Blanco’s troops ran toward the town. The final part of the battle took place in the town square, which, being small, didn’t offer enough space for troops to fight at a distance or to reload their rifles in time—so it turned into hand-to-hand combat. With sabers and lances.

There are many versions of the Battle of Florida. Several of them mention a duel between the two commanders: Blanco and Warnes. In Vázquez-Machicado’s account, at one point during the fierce battle in the Florida square, Blanco and Warnes met, both on horseback, and immediately clashed with sabers. Blanco had the upper hand in the fight because Warnes’ horse was “boquimuelle,” meaning overly sensitive to the bit, which made communication with its rider difficult. At that moment, a patriot soldier—a Black man named Ainque—came to his commander’s aid and struck Blanco on the nape with the butt of his rifle. Blanco fell off his horse, and Warnes seized the opportunity to finish him off with a saber slash to the neck. That was the end of Blanco.

I also think it’s important to clarify that the Blanco killed at Florida is not the same Blanco who became president of Bolivia for six days before being assassinated in 1829, as Alcides Arguedas suggests in Caudillos Letrados.

*Marcelo Añez Mayer is an essayist.

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