DEVELOPMENT IS ALSO BUILT ABROAD | EL DESARROLLO TAMBIÉN SE CONSTRUYE AFUERA

By Oscar Antezana:

Without strategic diplomacy, the economy does not transform. So far, the debate on economic development in Bolivia has focused mainly on what happens within the country: the role of the State, the importance of markets, and dependence on natural resources. The previous article specifically addressed “miracle resources” (silver, tin, natural gas, and lithium) without a development strategy. However, there is an equally important dimension that is often left out of the discussion. The question is not only what economic strategy Bolivia wants to build internally. The question is also how it will project, negotiate, and execute it abroad.

Beyond traditional diplomacy. In many countries, embassies mainly fulfill protocol or political functions. They represent the State, manage diplomatic relations, and assist their citizens abroad. But in economies that have successfully integrated into global markets, this function has evolved significantly. Today, embassies are—or should be—active instruments of economic development. It is not only about maintaining international relations. It is about attracting investment, opening markets, positioning products, generating strategic alliances, and promoting specific sectors. In other words, it is about executing the country’s economic strategy abroad.

The case of Chile: coordinated execution. A nearby example is Chile. Through a professionalized diplomatic network and institutions such as ProChile, the country has managed to position its exports in demanding markets and attract investment in strategic sectors. Chilean embassies operate as part of a coordinated system. They promote products, support exporting companies, identify business opportunities, and facilitate integration into global value chains. The result is clear: Chile not only exports more. It exports better. It has managed to position itself in higher value-added segments. None of this happens without strategy—and above all, without international execution.

Bolivia: a strategic gap. Bolivia, by contrast, faces a less visible but critical gap. If the country wants to promote exports, who is identifying opportunities in specific markets? If it wants to attract investment, who is building relationships with international companies? If it wants to position its tourism, who is actively promoting the country abroad? These functions cannot be marginal. They must be central. Because without a strategic presence abroad, any internal strategy remains incomplete.

The ambassador as an economic actor. This challenge forces a rethinking of the ambassador’s role. More than traditional diplomats, Bolivia needs economic ambassadors. This implies profiles with specific capabilities: economic and sectoral knowledge, understanding of international markets, ability to build networks and alliances, negotiation skills, and a focus on concrete results. An ambassador should not be evaluated only on diplomatic management, but also on their contribution to economic objectives: investment attracted, markets opened, alliances generated.

A critical case: the United States. Within this network, there are particularly strategic destinations. The United States is undoubtedly one of them—not only because of its economic size, but also because Washington, D.C. concentrates key actors in international financing, private investment, and multilateral decision-making, in a global context where geopolitical competition—including the growing influence of China—also plays a relevant role. Therefore, the ambassador to the United States requires an especially strong profile: economic knowledge, international experience, negotiation capacity, and credibility with high-level actors. But this is not an isolated case; it is the most visible example of a broader problem.

From representation to execution. The change Bolivia needs is deeper. It implies moving from a logic of representation to one of execution. Embassies must become active platforms that connect the country with the world. They must work in coordination with the private sector, promotion agencies, and domestic public policies. And above all, they must respond to a clear strategy. Because without strategy, even the best diplomatic network loses direction.

A double problem. So far, the analysis has shown that Bolivia faces an internal problem: the absence of a clear economic strategy. But this article introduces a second, equally important problem: the limited capacity to execute that strategy abroad. Without an internal strategy and without external projection, the result is a fragmented economic model with little capacity for transformation. But even if Bolivia managed to strengthen its capacity for action abroad, a fundamental challenge would remain: how to organize its development efforts internally.

In the next article, we will address what kind of economy Bolivia could build if it decided to strategically bet on its true advantages.

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