Altitude Gene Discovery | Descubrimiento del gen de la altura 🧬⛰️

By Vision 360:

A gene linked to altitude adaptation could explain why some people suffer from sorojchi and others do not

A study by UMSA identifies the NFKB1 gene as key in altitude adaptation, which could explain why some people suffer from sorojchi while others do not, and opens new possibilities for preventing its effects.

Uno de los investigadores de la Unidad de Biología Celular de la UMSA. Foto: UMSA

One of the researchers from UMSA’s Cellular Biology Unit. Photo: UMSA

Reaching elevations above 3,500 or 4,000 meters above sea level is not the same for everyone. While some experience headaches, nausea, and fatigue — common symptoms of sorojchi or altitude sickness — others can walk, play soccer, or work without major difficulty. Could the difference lie in DNA? Research led by the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA) identified a gene linked to better altitude adaptation.

The study, developed over more than 16 years by UMSA’s Cellular Biology Unit and recently published in the scientific journal Acta Physiologica, analyzes genetic variants present in the Andean population. Researchers identified the NFKB1 gene, associated with the regulation of inflammatory processes.

“Sorojchi, at its core, is an inflammatory reaction of the body to the lack of oxygen. NFKB1 modulates that inflammation and prevents the body’s response from becoming excessive. We also observed that this gene is mutated in 90% of those of us who live in the Andean region, compared to 30% of those living at sea level,” explained Dr. Ricardo Amaru, head of the unit.

To verify its effect, the team worked in collaboration with the University of Utah in the United States, evaluating European volunteers exposed to conditions similar to 4,500 meters of altitude. The results showed that those carrying this genetic variant presented milder symptoms.

Another researcher from UMSA’s Cellular Biology Unit. Photo: UMSA

Health implications

The genetic variant studied is found more frequently in populations of Bolivia’s Andean region — mainly in the departments of La Paz, Oruro, and Potosí — where thousands of families have lived for generations at elevations above 3,500 meters, under hypoxic conditions, meaning lower oxygen availability.

Beyond explaining why some people suffer more than others upon reaching high altitude, the finding opens new possibilities in health. According to Amaru, understanding how this gene functions could, in the future, help prevent or reduce the effects of altitude sickness in tourists or people traveling from sea-level locations or from Bolivia’s eastern lowlands. In addition, because it is related to inflammatory processes, the study has implications for diseases in which inflammation is an aggravating factor.

From one of the highest cities in the world, UMSA contributes scientific knowledge with international impact. What began as a laboratory observation more than a decade ago now offers concrete clues about how the human body adapts to living in the Andes and how genetics can make the difference between suffering from altitude or adapting to it.

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