Battle of Cantumarca: Incas/Qhara Qharas vs Guaranies/Chiriguanos

By Historia y Leyenda de la Villa Imperial de Potosí – Bolivia:

THE GREAT BATTLE OF CANTUMARCA IN POTOSÍ, WHERE THE INCAS AND THE QHARA QHARAS MASSACRED 6,000 GUARANÍES OR CHIRIGUANOS WHO ATTACKED THE MOUNTAIN INHABITANTS AND TRIED TO TAKE THE SILVER MINES

Bartolomé Arzans de Orsúa y Vela describes the great Battle of Cantumarca in what is now the Villa Imperial of Potosí, between the Incas and the Qhara Qharas against the Guaraníes, between the years 1500 and 1510, where the army of Huayna Cápac massacred 6,000 Guaraníes with his forces.

Returning to the mighty King Huayna Cápac, I say that in his time, large armies of the Guaraní people—warlike, treacherous, and arrogant—came to Peru. After causing great destruction in the provinces, they returned true to their nature. However, some remained among the Sierras, always causing great damage in all the provinces of the Charcas, Porco, and Chichas where they settled and populated. They took control of the valleys of Mataca (near this Villa) and from there raided the province of Porco, remaining victorious because their style of warfare was nocturnal, striking in raids and then retreating to the mountains where they were safe.

They attacked the town of Cantumarca, entering it with great slaughter of its inhabitants, and, having recovered, sought to continue their victories in the other provinces subject to Huayna Cápac.

When this King was informed of that boldness, he summoned his captains and, with a large army, departed from Cuzco. They arrived at the Tarapaya Valley, where they reinforced themselves for several days with Qhara Qhara soldiers. The King bathed in that lagoon, joyful to see a marvelous work of his ancestors, and, having rested as was appropriate, sent 4,000 soldiers with one of his sons to Cantumarca.

The Guaraníes were well prepared and did not refuse 3,000 superior combatants to go out to meet them, behaving with such valor that they killed 200 of the Inca forces. Those who remained fled, reporting that the King, enraged, immediately marched with skilled captains. Although the enemies resisted, in the end they were defeated, and more than 6,000 Guaraníes were killed. The few survivors fled relentlessly into the mountains of the Charcas. Cantumarca joyfully welcomed King Huayna Cápac and held great celebrations for his victories.

—Bartolomé Arzans de Orsúa y Vela,
Book: Historia de la Villa Imperial de Potosí

Leave a comment