The Cavalry of Santa Cruz at the Battle of El Pari | La caballería cruceña en la batalla de El Pari

By Manfredo Kempff, El Diario:

Several cannon shots fell near the patriot troops on November 21, 1816, at El Pari, thundering and sending up clouds of sand. There were bucks and neighs from horses trying to spook, and some attempted to break free from the hands of their riders, who had to punish them.

Then the brave Argentine Colonel Ignacio Warnes told Mercado that the time to attack had come. “You respond with the cavalry, ‘Colorao’,” he shouted. The “Colorao” rallied his men again, and they galloped against the cavalry of the then-called “Godos.” They responded in kind. There were a few carbine shots, but when the two forces collided, only the noise of metal and the screams of the first wounded and fallen, trampled by horses, could be heard. Colonel Mercado split a head and thrust a sword into the chest of an officer wearing a silver-embroidered jacket and red braids. The clash was fierce while Mercado desperately searched for Aguilera. He knew who he was and where he might be. He was convinced that by killing the enemy commander, the battle would be won.

The wind lifted a tremendous dust that harmed both sides. For about fifteen minutes, there was true carnage, and in the clash, neither adversary gave ground. But, little by little, with Mercado shouting as if possessed, the royalist horses began to retreat. They could have been tired and poorly fed beasts. It was no more than the right flank giving way to avoid being surrounded when some of Aguilera’s horses began to show their rumps.

Encouraged, the troops of Santa Cruz attacked with greater momentum, fueled by a sense of certain victory, and the enemy cavalry began to fall back south, away from the bulk of their army. They stopped to regroup, fought again, but were swept aside once more. This happened two or three times. They did not want to abandon the battlefield, so they had to retreat or die. The “Colorao” was bloodied, his face reddened. His officers tried to place themselves in front of him to protect him, but he pushed them aside and continued with his war cries.

The pursuit continued, and Aguilera’s cavalry dispersed along unknown paths, down trails that ended in marshes, leaving them to God’s mercy. The largest group was chased to the town of Peji, where they regrouped and resisted, but they were already far fewer than the patriots. They were beaten again, surrounded, and thrown from their mounts to be finished with lances on the ground. Mercado separated, covered in blood and dust, when he observed that the enemy cavalry—mostly Spanish and Upper Peruvian—surrendered, handing over their weapons.

They had traveled about six leagues fighting, and by that hour, four or five in the afternoon, the sun fell like lead. Men and beasts lay across the plains, and the cries of the wounded were a true lament. Vultures, black as death, glided over the battlefield, and some bolder birds, farther from the noise, were already pecking at the dead and some immobilized, who, still alive, screamed in pain as each peck tore off pieces of flesh.

Colonel Mercado’s mind, however, remained on El Pari, with Warnes. The battle would be decided there. They took a few prisoners and the best-preserved horses; the captives’ hands were tied, and they hurried back toward the battlefield. More than three hours had passed since the colonel had parted from his superior. The distant thunder of cannon fire had long since ceased, meaning the fight might have ended.

Suddenly, a rider appeared in the distance, signaling with his arms. Mercado was surprised. He had a bad feeling. He approached the lancer, who shouted repeatedly, as if possessed: “They killed the chief! They killed Colonel Warnes! They killed the commander!” Mercado froze, incredulous. He questioned him briefly, both mounted, and learned that the chief had been thrown to the ground by a cannon blast. His horse had fallen on his right leg, leaving him immobilized. The lancer had witnessed everything a few meters away, unable to defend the commander, though he was wounded several times in the attempt.

Unfortunately, several soldiers of the “Talavera” regiment fought alongside them—he said—who, though stunned by the cannon blast that brought down Warnes’ horse, seeing the fallen and defenseless patriot colonel, shot him and caused his death. He then received multiple bayonet and spear wounds.

Aguilera then had his fallen enemy’s head cut off and raised on the tip of a pike as a sign of triumph. Santa Cruz de la Sierra had fallen again into royalist hands, and a nine-year war began, which Mercado would wage from the hills and mountains to reclaim freedom.

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