Underlying Threats to Rodrigo Paz’s Administration | Amenazas de fondo contra la gestión de Rodrigo Paz

By Walter Guevara, Vision 360:

These same leaders must assume, from inside and outside the government, the responsibility of forming autonomous, responsible, and tolerant citizens.

The absence of a political party system, combined with a shortage of democratic citizens, represents the greatest threat to Rodrigo Paz’s administration. The trigger for this double threat could be the reemergence of a destructive dual power if Vice President Edman Lara fails to control his personal ambition.

The most rabid factions of Evo will try to join forces with the most rabid factions of Tuto to topple Rodrigo and trigger new elections within a few months. These efficient minorities are short-lived but can overpower moderate majorities that lack the buffer of stable political parties or a strong civic education.

For now, Tuto has disavowed those who challenge Rodrigo’s undeniable victory. He has made it clear that he will support Rodrigo’s administration, as any opposition loyal to representative democracy should. It is petty not to recognize the value of this gesture from Tuto, who is paying for it with harsh criticism from his most radical followers.

Tuto must lead his most fervent supporters down the path of being good losers capable of becoming loyal opponents. Both are crucial if Bolivia is to move away from electoral polarization and join the community of stable and lasting democracies.

Tuto’s followers, thirsty for revenge, fail to see that he could leave behind a much more valuable legacy than merely having been elected president—if he succeeds in building a solid, democratic right-wing party, as ADN once was.

Evo cannot be expected to do the same regarding the failures of the left. His long career has amply demonstrated that he favors “evocracy” as his preferred form of government. The name of his last political party says it all: “Evo es Pueblo” (“Evo is the People”).

A large part of Bolivia’s left has allowed itself to be dragged by Evo into a populism both inept and corrupt. Historically, our left has been characterized by loud radicalism paired with an astonishing inability to govern.

There is an urgent need for a democratic leftist party capable of abandoning the temptations of populist opportunism and taking on the responsibility of governing. So far, no figure has emerged capable of leading the important task of shaping a respectable left.

Rodrigo Paz occupies the center of the political spectrum. By temperament, he is a believer, moderate, and democratic. He must form a strong political party that acts as the balance between a new democratic right and a renewed democratic left. He can do much in this regard through good example and the successful momentum of his government.

A solid three-party system covering the full political spectrum would be the best safeguard against the return of the recently defeated populism, eager to come back disguised behind masks of false democracy, false socialism, and false indigenism. It would also protect us from the rise of a right-wing populism disguised as a false defense of liberty.

This new party system should recognize, protect, and expand the new middle class—one of the few positive legacies of MAS populism. On the negative side, we must acknowledge that twenty years of MAS rule squandered and corrupted the notion of “national popular,” a concept that once explained the undeniable achievements of the MNR, built on the solid foundations of class alliance. Against the course of history, MAS populism reinforced from within government the worst traits of union, market-trader, and business corporatism.

The unfinished task of this truncated historical process is to turn the great national majorities into a body of autonomous, responsible, and tolerant citizens, capable of pursuing the common good and national interest above the sectoral demands of corporate groups—and of rejecting the repeated prebendal blackmail of their leaders.

An AUTONOMOUS citizen dares to think for himself. He is the opposite of a sheep-like citizen who merely follows a shepherd hypnotizing him with a sweet and complacent narrative, such as “the Indian is the moral reserve of humanity.”

RESPONSIBLE citizen accepts the consequences of his decisions. He is the opposite of a supposedly democratic citizen who washes his hands and blames others when the results of his own actions are disastrous—like when a president blames party dissidents for squandering the flood of gas revenues and for failing to ensure effective exploration of new gas wells.

TOLERANT citizen defends the right of others to think and live differently. He respects opposing opinions while attempting to refute them peacefully and civilly. He is the opposite of the rabid rightist or leftist citizen who seeks to marginalize anyone outside his immediate circle or who thinks differently.

The party system that had been forming from 1982 to 2005 collapsed because it failed to respect limits in its internal disputes and parceled out government positions and perks through coalitions glued together by patronage. The competition among emerging media conglomerates of that era amplified the parties’ internal feuds as well as their plundering of the state.

Few realized that the early destruction of this nascent party system was one of the factors that paved the way for the twenty years of unbridled MAS populism. The other structural factor was the massive presence of sheep-like citizens, handwashers, and haters of anyone outside their ethnicity, class, region, or ideology.

The two great tasks facing President Rodrigo Paz’s administration are, first, immediate economic recovery, and second, the gradual restoration of the institutions and habits of liberal representative democracy.

The first is easy and feasible in the short term. Rodrigo and his economic team are well on track to achieving it successfully. The reception they have received in major world capitals and international organizations has been extraordinary. His government will have all the economic support it needs now and in the medium term.

The second task is deeper and will require the effort of several administrations. It will not be through soft measures that the heavy legacy of populism can be eliminated from the political culture of the masses—so proudly represented and manipulated by Vice President Lara.

The first step in cleansing these bad political habits is to stop the efforts of the most rabid factions on both the left and right who will try to exploit the harsh effects of economic measures to topple the incoming government from the streets.

If that plan can be stopped, it will open the door to restoring democratic institutions corrupted by populism. The new administration must complete three tasks, with the support of its vice president—or despite his opposition.

It must establish a deliberative assembly capable of passing laws instead of imposing obstacles and blackmail on the government’s administration. It must restore an independent, honest, and capable judiciary. And it must strengthen an electoral body that manages future elections impartially and transparently.

It will fall upon the most enlightened leaders to swiftly build a system of political parties rooted in society, respected for their effectiveness and legitimacy, and capable of alternating in power through elections free of dirty wars, insults, and deceit.

These same leaders must assume, from within and outside the government, the responsibility of forming autonomous, responsible, and tolerant citizens. This is a task that has not been undertaken by the elites of this region since colonial times. Nor was it faced in the early republic. The revolutionary movements of the 20th and 21st centuries ignored it completely.

It is not the less-educated masses who must carry out this vital task. Everywhere, intellectual, moral, and political leadership lies in the hands of the elites. It is time for Bolivia’s elites to assume their responsibility instead of once again preparing the bed for irresponsible populism.

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