Why did Rodrigo win and why did Tuto lose? | ¿Por qué ganó Rodrigo y por qué perdió Tuto?

By Miguel V. de Torres, El Pais:

Reactions after the victory of Rodrigo Paz

Rodrigo Paz’s electoral bet was forged years ago on a fundamental premise: he would walk from the opposition but alone. He distrusted the “unity” of the right, which never materialized, and he knew how to read that the MAS would not reconcile. He decoded the messages for the popular base better.

With the numbers still hot on the table — 54.4 to 45.5 according to Sirepre — and Bolivia heading toward a change of cycle with the election of Rodrigo Paz Pereira as president, the initial reflections begin to point to the keys that will shape this new time.

In general there is a consensus that “the new” has prevailed over “the classic,” even though Rodrigo Paz is no outsider and although he was highly favored in the contrast with Tuto Quiroga now and with Samuel Doria Medina, Manfred Reyes Villa or Johnny Fernández before. Ronald McLean himself, former mayor of La Paz, figure of ADN and hardly suspected of being a socialist infiltrator, had been warning that Tuto Quiroga’s old recipes would not work.

The tickets

Rodrigo Paz and Edman Lara formed their ticket just days before registering the candidacy: Paz brought experience, but also a kind of renewal despite a 22-year career in which he has known everything from the catacombs of Congress to municipal administration, both from the legislative and the executive. This not counting an entire life at the side of his father, Jaime Paz Zamora, vice president of Bolivia in ’82 and President from ’89 to ’93. Good speaker, good presence, a certain handling of social media, and an obstinacy that gave him staying power.

Edman Lara came from outside, a second-generation outsider — that is, the complete opposite of those millionaires who after having everything want to taste the sweetness of politics — Trump, Macri, Piñera, Noboa himself… — but rather a genuine popular representative, expelled from the most denigrated institution in the country according to polls — the Police — precisely for denouncing corruption. Lara studied law and sold second-hand clothes while growing up in that elementary political academy that TikTok has become.

In essence, Paz and Lara represented “what Bolivians are” and that has been their baseline: to be, think, speak, suffer, live as Bolivian. Sayuri Loza illustrated it by wondering what JP Velasco’s worries would be compared to the most common worries of Bolivians: having their phone stolen on the micro without money to buy another, their mother getting cancer, being forced to work an extra hour every day without a salary raise, getting a job at a crocan-pollo place…

And the Tuto Quiroga and Juan Pablo Velasco ticket aspired to represent something else: what Bolivians want (or should want) to be. A newly married Tuto pouring all his energy into a sort of last dance while rubbing shoulders with the cream of Hispanic-American politics, and a JP symbol of a new digitized generation dreaming of getting rich from their bedroom with the help of some App or a good crypto wind.

Tuto’s oratory based on individual freedom — even if it meant giving away shares of strategic companies piece by piece — was supposed to attract the middle class, and JP’s story to inspire the younger.

Paz and Lara imposed themselves largely because they managed to dismantle those idyllic images with a couple of sharp strikes beyond the “racism” exposed in paleolithic tweets, but which JP and Tuto never managed to explain. Rodrigo insisted on portraying Tuto as absent from the country, appearing only in elections or moments that give him visibility — like on maritime issues — while Lara reminded JP that it is much easier to be a successful entrepreneur if your father is a shareholder of a bank. The fact that he also went bankrupt is the cherry on top.

The “surprises” of the first round

Tuto and Paz, with their Velasco and their Lara, were the surprises of the first round. The former because he prevailed in the bitter war of the right after dismantling Samuel Doria Medina, and Paz because he received the popular vote flow that normally would have gone to a united MAS, but that split among civil servants; friends of Evo and those convinced that the renewal of the process would come through Andrónico and who voted for him despite perceiving his leadership and performance shortcomings.

The majority saw themselves reflected in Lara, and off they went. After two years of economic crisis, with analysts asserting that the economy would be the key that would order the vote, voters again chose the ticket that most resembled the average of the nation. The cleavage has not changed.

The strategy of fear

Another myth dismantled in this campaign is the “strategy of fear.” Not all the votes had yet been counted and memes were already circulating about how MAS-linked Edman Lara and Rodrigo Paz were. The next morning their social media accounts were tracked to identify everything having to do with MAS and Evo Morales. All their interventions were minutely analyzed to describe them as a potential risk to the nation… but it didn’t work.

Some analysts point out that the very plan to wear down Paz turned into meme and stopped being effective. Others agree that the issue of racism, however overused it may have been, still works. In general Tuto’s incapacity, as a high-class politician, to penetrate popular classes that still don’t trust him is acknowledged. Precinct data continues to show this inability.

Not insignificant is the “disappearance” of Javier Negre, a Spanish activist of the international far right who took a very active role against Samuel Doria Medina in the first round. Essentially he reclaimed the entire right for Tuto Quiroga and gave him positive results; however, some warn that he went too far, which later prevented him from adding that center-center vote — and much more, penetrating popular sectors. And note, Negre’s associate in Argentina, Fernando Cerimedo, was in Bolivia having lunch with Rodrigo Paz, coincidentally also being “teacher of his daughter.”

Rodrigo Paz, with a more centrist and conservative discourse, appealing to the triad Homeland, God and Work, without needing to distance himself from his father, Jaime Paz Zamora, symbol of the social-democratic left of the last third of the 20th century in Bolivia, has managed to channel the vote of the more moderate.

A new time has definitely begun.

All proposals diluted in the 2nd round

The campaign of Rodrigo Paz and Edman Lara centered on transversal axes, additionally seasoned with very concrete proposals that served in the final stretch of the first round, but which gradually diluted in the second round.

Among the main lines of the campaign is the fight against corruption and the “destruction of the State-tranca,” and he has also been cautious in quantifying the need for foreign credit — IMF type or similar — casting doubt on that being the only path to take. This point has a direct derivative that Paz and Lara have also not made absolutely clear, which is that of devaluation: Paz has spoken of “making it truthful,” “unifying,” and a system of exchange “band policies” in which the dollar floats Milei-style, although he has not made clear what it would be based on.

From the first part it is deduced that Paz and Lara will activate more agile mechanisms to denounce corruption and increase transparency, and will also review regulations to liquidate the “State-tranca,” a concept that Paz coined years ago and refers to the deep apparatus of the State that not only gets lost in bureaucracy, but actually operates to prevent things from being done and problems from being solved.

From the second part Paz has spoken of stimulating Bolivian entrepreneurs who have taken their dollars out of the country — 7 billion dollars according to his own calculations — so that they bring them back and thus be able to sustain operations.

On the current situation, Rodrigo Paz has assured that he has agreements in place to urgently import fuel with deferred payments. In the medium term, the maintenance of the hydrocarbon subsidy “for those who need it” would be located.

Other star proposals spoken of at the end of the first round and lost after reaching the second were the legalization of “chuto” cars; the raising of the Dignity Pension to 2,000 bolivianos (although it then ended at 500 not so dignified), universal income for women, turning Customs into a public-private company, eliminating tariffs for everything not produced in Bolivia, etc.

The three key moments that defined the runoff

“If he doesn’t deliver, I’ll kick him out”

After the success of the first round, the spotlight turned to the Paz – Lara ticket that had flown under the radar. The colloquial and direct ways of captain Lara, who speaks the popular language of Bolivia by nature and not by academia, caused some stir among non-voters. However, he came out reinforced among his voters and potential voters, filling that non-monolithic ticket with nuances that, in the end, was the one chosen.

“Kill them all”

Until the final stretch of the runoff campaign, the deep cleavages of the country — racism and classism — had not been activated in rebel mode. Old tweets by JP Velasco were detected, provoking the reaction. From Libre they opted to deny everything, although it was never explained why the X account registered as valid by the candidate himself was deleted. In the vice-presidential debate, moreover, the prejudices about the banker’s son were added.

“President Arce, I order you”

The stage of last Sunday’s presidential debate left the matter ready for sentencing, but Paz still took advantage of the last days to once again don the suit of acting president and popular leader against Luis Arce’s “nefarious” government. While Tuto Quiroga explained macroeconomics and his method for overcoming the crisis, Paz “ordered” the president to make the gasoline appear.

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